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Xylem transport of water the Root Pressure- force that helps to drive fluids upward into
water-conducting vessels (xylem)
Root pressure is caused by active transport of mineral nutrient ions into the root xylem. Without transpiration to carry the ions up the stem, they accumulate in the root xylem and lower the water potential. Water then diffuses from the soil into the root xylem due to osmosis. Root pressure is caused by this accumulation of water in the xylem pushing on the rigid cells. Root pressure provides a force, which pushes water up the stem, but it is not enough to account for the movement of water to leaves at the top of the tallest trees. The maximum root pressure measured in some plants can raise water only to about 7 meters, and the tallest trees are over 100 meters tall. ADD the effect of :

Transpiration- Transpiration removes water from the leaf by evaporation of water from spongy mesophyll of leaves.
Transpired water is replaced with water from the xylem, pulled by capillary action (Transpiration Pull) This movement is called transpiration stream. Low pressure is created inside xylem vessels when water is pulled out (transpiration pull). Xylem vessels contain long, unbroken columns of water where the pressure is transmitted across. To equalize the pressure, water travels up the vessels through its property of cohesion

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Abiotic Factors and Transpiration

For each bullet, tell if transpiration would increase or decrease.

Increased temperatures ___________ Decreased temperatures __________ Increased wind _____________ Decreased wind _____________ Increased humidity ___________ Decreased humidity ___________ 4/22/12

Chihuahuan Desert Landscape

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Mojave Desert Landscape

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Great Basin Landscape

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Sonoran Desert Landscape

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Russian sage

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Ocotillo

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Juniper

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Yucca
Yucca is also called the Spanish Dagger because it has long, narrow leaves with needle-like points at the ends. It grows on rocky slopes and the hot desert floor

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Creosote

The Creosote Bush grows in areas that are very hot and dry. The soil can be almost pure sand. When it competes for water with another plant it almost always wins. It loses little moisture from its tiny curled leaves.

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Prickly Pear Cactus

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Prickly Pear Cactus grows in most of the deserts of America. It has large, sharp spines that stick out from thick, water-holding pads that look like leaves but are really

In comparison: Rainforest and Jungle plants

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In comparison: Rainforest and Jungle plants

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In comparison: Rainforest and Jungle plants

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How have desert plants adapted to reduce transpiration? leaf Deep roots Reduced

size Thickened waxy cuticle Rolled leaves Water Spinesstorage tissue in stems Low growth (succulents) (bushes more Fewer stomata than trees) Stomata in pits CAMsurrounded by crassulacean

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Homework:

Compare and contrast CAM Metabolism and C4 Physiology in plants. Relate to how this makes them better adapted to a dryer climate.
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