HOTSPOTS OF

BIODIVERSITY BORNEO
 INTRODUCTION
“Biodiversiti hotspots’ definition:
Biogeography region that highly occupied by biology diversity
which are treated endanger.

History:
• Introduced by Dr. Norman Myers in his two articles:
• “The Environmentalist” (1988 & 1990)
• “Hotspots: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most
Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions” (1999)

• Also by Russell Mittermeier in his book “Hotspots

revisited” (2004)
 HOW TO IDENTIFY THE BIODIVERSITY
HOTSPOT REGION?

Any region that consist of:

2. At least 1,500 endemic* vascular plant species.
3. At least 70% origin habitat extinction occurred.

*endemic - (animal/plant) that occupied

in certain region only.
 Continue…
• At least 25 hotspot regions all over the
world, and another 9 probability regions to
be hotspot region.
• These region reserve almost 60% plant,
bird, mammal, reptile, and amphibian
species in the world that share high
endemic species.
 SPECIES DIVERSITY
• Ecosystem – Dipterocarp forest, swamp forest,
mangrove swamp and coral.
• 20 000 plant species:
- 15 000 sp. flowery plant.
- 300 sp. tree (267 sp dipterocarp)
- 1,200 sp. wild orchid, and hundreds
rhododendron, periuk kera, lichen and fern.
• Borneo as natural habitat for Orang Utan.
• Conservation region for Asia Elephant,
Sumatera Rhinoceros, Borneo Leopard
and Buah Dayak Bat.
ENDEMIC SPECIES
 Borneo Map

Location : South Earth Asia

Coordinates : 1˚00 `N,114˚00 `E
Area : 743,330 km²
Rank : Third largest island in the world
Highest point : Kinabalu(4,095m) (13,435 ft) above sea level
 The Dominant Societies in Borneo

Sarawak Sabah

Penan Rungus
Iban Kadazan
Melayu Murut
Dayak Darat Bajau
Melanau

The Penan : -one of the last such peoples

remaining
-based around a village ‘longhouse‘
-mostly nomadic hunter
-They eat :plants (medicines) and
An old Penan woman from animals
Ulu Baram, Sarawak
 IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY
Food Sustained
- 80% of plant
- source of protein the climate

Economic
sources

Medicine
Recreation

Fuel-tree Traditional
and foliage medicine
 "We were the first people here."

"We do not need

longhouses, we
just want our
"What forest."
happened to all
the money?"

"I want to
plant but I do
not have
seeds."

Destruction of Biodiversity.
What Penan’s people say?
 "The damages done
will disturb the
ancestor spirit
prosperity"

"3 inches tall, then our

vegetables will all die."

"My wife died

after drinking
from the
river."

"My breast milk

dries up
sometimes…"

Destruction of Biodiversity.
What Penan’s people say?
(continue)
 WWF
• Non-governmental organization.
• conserving, restoring, and protecting a
diversity of species, forests, marine, coastal,
and freshwater environments
• Support about 100 conservation project and
environmental around the world.
• Funds : from government, corporate
partnership and donation. Example :licensing
partnership with CIMB Bank or any donation
from organization or individual donors.
 WWF
• One of the programmed:
- ‘Hearts of Borneo’ conservation programmed.
- 3 countries : Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei.
- covered a total of 240,000 sq km (2 million
hectares) of equatorial rainforests.
- to conserve pristine tropical rainforest and
support a continuous economical development.
- Forest conversion, mining, development and
fires threaten Borneo’s Heartland
 The Asian Nature Conservation
Foundation
• ANCF focused on conservation activity of
elephant including review about elephant’s
density, habitat and threats towards them.
• In Borneo, focused on Asian Elephants
and conservation of it’s habitats..
• Threats : damage to elephants habitat,
elephant-human conflict (illegal hunting for
elephants tusk.
 Kinabatangan Orang-Utan
Conservation Project (KOCP)
• set up in 1998 by HUTAN in collaboration with
the Sabah Wildlife Department.
• The goal of the project is to achieve long-term
viability of Orang-utan populations in Sabah.
• The project's objective is to restore harmonious
relationships between people and the Orang-
utan, which in turn will support local socio-
economic development compatible with habitat
and wildlife conservation.
CONCLUSION

 Borneo is an important region in biology

because of Borneo rich in epidemic and
species diversity.
 Deforestation give the big impact to the
biodiversity in Borneo.
 Lot of effort have been spent to ensure the
Borneo hotspot region can be conserve.
THANK
YOU