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ERGONOMICS
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STANDING POSITIONS
NORMAL POSITION
IDEAL POSITION
A WORKERS REACH
Usual work area/reach : (80-100 + 25) cm Occasional work area/reach : (80-100 + 50) cm
CUTTING DEPARTMENT
The primary tasks in the cutting department are: Loading the spreading machine Spreading the fabric Cutting the fabric Stacking cut pieces
SPREADING TABLE
Table dimensions : length - 340(approx.) Width 72 Height 34
Adjustable Height
adjustable height
air blower beneath table for easy movement of layers smooth edges width according to normal human hand movements
Smooth edges
Ergonomic features : width size adjustable adjustable height according to table and worker manual edge control rollers adjustment for easy movement between one table to another table
STRAIGHT KNIFE
Ergonomic features :
For steady and vibration free working base plate is of metal, 8 long and 5 broad
a security handle that automatically drops the presser foot leg and stops the machine when the handle is released ergonomic handle that reduces wrist strain a swivel baseplate that turns easily even in the hardest materials
END CUTTER
Ergonomic features :
For easy movement there is a gripper to move the end cutter length wise
Small in size
Attached to table so that the movement is not dependable only on the cutting man i.e. weight of end cutter is distributed between table and the cutting man
A long rod is attached to the end cutter to move it with the table length without the movement of the operator Easy to attach and detach with tables
Fitted on the tracks from easy to and fro movement across the table
Control panels are in the reach of cutting man
BAND KNIFE
Emergency light
Ergonomic features : Adjustable table height Air flotation for easy movement of layers during use Additional Safety Device to ensure the operators safety The lighting device to reduce operators fatigue Auto Catch Device, to catch the knife when the blade is broken.
A curvy portion is provided to fit the cutting man for easy reach to the blade
80-100cm
25cm 50cm
LABELLING GUN
Ergonomic features : gripper is provided for fast use of the labelling gun small in size weight is less extra plastic grip is also provided
FUSING MACHINE
Ergonomic features : continuous fusing is done so no need to move the cut pieces every time automatic sensor in case of any emergency 35 height of the machine bed which is according to normal human height Control panel is near the operators position to avoid any emergency Operator friendly side swing design Operator is protected from heat radiation
workers should try and sit for short periods of time while working to give their leg and back muscles a rest
Change position after a period of time There must be a raised foot rest provided for standing workstations majority of work should be done between knuckle height and shoulder level
Workers should move their feet, instead of twisting at the waist, in order to face the area where the object is going to be placed
Avoid repetition of movements Assign job according to worker, not worker according to job
Footrest to allow the employee to put one foot up and change positions often
Floor surface is free of obstacles and flat
SUPPORTIVE FINDINGS Complaints of postural discomfort and pain in shoulders, neck and hands Complaints of postural Sorting table Work height too high discomfort and pain in shoulders, neck and hands Inadequate lighting Low level of lighting Complaints of visual strain and blurred vision Excessive noise Noise level exceeds 90dB Workers complaints Dust Increased level in cutting Complaints of respiratory section problems Hot and humid work place Heat Humidity 23 to 57% Heat Workers complaints Identified exposure as risk factor by hazard identification and risk assessment Blade guard of the cutting Defects in design of blade Fifty per cent of workers machine guard, non use of blade guards reported accidental cuts General safety measure Personal protective equipment Absence of general safety Observed gaps measures Absence of personal protective Observation and devices incidences
reported
Fabric store is near the cutting room so less movement of man and material
The illumination level is kept to standard illumination level i.e. 750 lx.
Cont
Provision of local exhaust ventilation that uses suction, based on the principle of a vacuum cleaner, is to be encouraged in the cutting and stitching sections to remove dust from the air. Workers are suggested to wear fine mesh cloth dust protectors.
The handles should be made of flexible polyethylene materials, which even after prolonged and regular use give a comfortable feel.
The blade guards of the cutting machines are to be redesigned. These guards can be designed either as enclosure guards or as interlocking guards. Enclosure guards will cover the entire blade. Interlocking guards will allow the machine to function only after the blade guards are lowered.
CONCLUSION
During this project we came to know that ergonomics features in the cutting rooms in most of the industries are very poor. Our observation turns out that modern equipments and tools are manufactured based on ergonomic designs and suggestions. But the cutting room work floor management and the building layout do not support the concern of workers and ergonomics. These interventions made in the units would help to improve the work environment of the garment manufacturing units. This study demonstrates that there is ample room for ergonomic improvements in the clothing industry.
We need to continue to identify problems and, more importantly, implement solutions to reduce the risk of injuries in situations where we know problems exist.
So, there is a huge scope of improvement in the field of ergonomics in apparel industry.
REFERENCES
PDFS Ergonomics In The Garment Manufacturing Industry Ergonomics Awareness Training Ergonomic Interventions To Improve Work Environment In Garment
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