DATABASE DESIGN

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PRESENTATION BY,

KAMALA SARANYA .R KANIMOZHI. S MBA II YEAR

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Database Design
Database design is the process of producing a detailed data model of a database. This logical data model contains all the needed logical and physical design choices and physical storage parameters needed to generate a design in a Data Definition Language, which can then be used to create a database.

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Key points
Database design must reflect the information system of which the database is a part Information systems undergo evaluation and revision within a framework known as the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Databases also undergo evaluation and revision within a framework known as the Database Life Cycle (DBLC) There are two general design strategies exist: top-down vs. bottom-up design centralized vs. decentralized design

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Changing Data into Information

Data

Raw facts stored in databases Need additional processing to become useful

Required by decision maker Data processed and presented in a meaningful form

Information

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The Information System

Database

Carefully designed and constructed repository of facts Part of an information system Provides data collection, storage, and retrieval Facilitates data transformation Includes people, hardware, and software Software: Database(s), Application programs, and Procedures

Information System

Systems Development Life Cycle

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System Analysis

Database Organization

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Database Lifecycle (DBLC)

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 6

Database Organization

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Database Design Phases

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Phases

Database Requirement Phase Database design Phase Implementation and Loading Phase Testing and Evaluation Phase Operation Phase Maintenance and Evaluation Phase

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Phase 1: Database Requirements

Analyze company situation

Operating environment Organizational structure

Define problems and constraints Define objectives Define scope and boundaries

Requirements Specification
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Phase 2: Database Design

It is derived from DBLC phase Makes sure final product meets requirements Focus on data requirements Sub phases

I. Create conceptual design II. DBMS software selection III. Create logical design IV. Create physical design

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Two Views of Data

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I. Conceptual Design

High level of abstraction Three steps

Data analysis and requirements Entity relationship modeling and normalization

Normalization is a systematic way of ensuring that a database structure is suitable for general-purpose querying and free of certain undesirable characteristicsinsertion, update, and deletion that could lead to a loss of data integrity.

Data model verification

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Data analysis and Requirements

Focus on:

Information needs Information users

Data sources

Developing and gathering end-user data views Direct observation of current system

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Entity Relationship Modeling and Normalization

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E-R Model Verification Process

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II. DBMS Software Selection

DBMS software selection is critical and selection should be based on

Cost DBMS tools Portability DBMS hardware requirements

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DBMS TOOLS
phpMyAdmin It helps to create/manage databases, tables, db users, optimize and check for errors in your db tables, run queries, export/import data in plenty of file formats, and much more Navicat for MySQL It helps in creating complex database queries, a report builder for printing out db queries that the boss can understand, a task scheduling assistant for scheduled execution of jobs. SQLyog It is a tool for professional database administration. Sequel Pro It is a database management front-end tool which helps to easily navigate the application. Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio It helps to browse, select, and perform tasks on database objects.

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III. Logical Design

A logical design is the CONCEPTUAL BLUEPRINT of software application, illustrating entities, relationships, rules, and processes. Business Airline Ticket search and buy Productivity / Communication Email creating a PowerPoint presentation (PPT) Facebook, Twitter Research/Education Google search Yahoo Answers

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IV. Physical Design

Selection of data storage and access It is the detailed design of a system that includes modules & the database's hardware & software specifications of the system.

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Phase 3: Implementation and Loading

Data loaded into tables Other issues

Performance Security Backup and recovery Integrity

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Phase 4: Testing and Evaluation

Database is tested for performance, integrity, concurrent access, and security constraints Done in parallel with application programming Actions taken if tests fail

Modification of physical design Modification of logical design Upgrade or change DBMS software or hardware

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Phase 5: Operation

Starts process of system evaluation Unforeseen problems may surface Demand for changes

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Phase 6: Maintenance and Evaluation

Preventative maintenance Corrective maintenance Adaptive maintenance Periodic security audits based on systemgenerated statistics Periodic system usage-summaries

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DB Design Strategy

Top-down

1) Identify data sets 2) Define data elements 1) Identify data elements 2) Group them into data sets

Bottom-up

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Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up

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Centralized vs Decentralized Design

Centralized design

Typical of simple databases Conducted by single person or small team Larger numbers of entities and complex relations Spread across multiple sites Developed by large teams

Decentralized design

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ANY QUERIES ???

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THANK YOU