AMELOGENESIS

TWO-PHASE
CONCEPT
ORGANIC MATRIX MINERALIZATION
FORMATION MATURATION &

Secretion Deposition
of of
ENAMEL HYDROXY-APATITE
PROTIENS CRYSTALS
 :CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

INORGANIC ORGANIC
CONTENT CONTENT
By weight

96% 4%

CRYSTALLINE CALCIUM PHOSPHATE AMELOGENINS

“HYDROXYAPATITE” ENAMELINS
Ca 10(PO4)6 (OH)2
 Life history
of
Ameloblast

Tooth
development
 AMELOGENESIS STAGES:
Life History of Ameloblast

1- MORPHOGENIC
2- ORGANIZING
(DIFFERENTIATION)

3- SECRETORY
(Initial)
(Tomes process)

4- MATURATIVE
(ruffle ended)
(smooth ended)

5- PROTECTIVE
6- DESMOLYTIC
MORPHOGENIC SECRETORY
ORGANIZING

MATURATIVE

PROTECTIVE

DESMOLYTIC
Differentiation
Gradient

From
cusp tip

cervically
 Morphogenic Stage
:Crown pattern determination
:Inner Enamel Epithelial cells
•arrange themselves on B.M.
→ determine future DEJ
• short columnar cells ,
large oval nucleus
•Golgi apparatus & centrioles
→ in proximal end of the cells
•Mitochondria → evenly distributed
•Proximal terminal bars
• Separated from dental papilla by:
B.M. & cell free zone
 IEE cells
Organizing Stage
:Inner Enamel Epithelial cells

• Become tall columnar cells (40 microns)

(cell free zone disappears)
• Reversal of polarity:
o golgi app. & centrioles → distally
o nucleus & mitochondria→ proximmaly

IEE cells
dental papilla differentiation of
cells odontoblasts
induction
MORPHOGENIC SECRETORY
ORGANIZING
induction

odontoblast
Reciprocal induction
 Secretory Stage
 Formation of dentin
→ reciprocal induction
 histodifferentiation of IEE

into ameloblasts
with all criteria of
protein secreting cells
 appearance of distal
terminal bars
 Secretory Stage
Criteria for all
Protein Synthesizing and Secreting Cells
 Large open-faced nucleus
 Abundant cytoplasm
 in no. of mitochondria
 in rough endoplasmic
reticulum RER
 in size of Golgi apparatus
 Presence of secretory
granules
 Enamel Matrix Secretion
:Cellular pathway
m RNA

RER

Golgi
apparatus

Secretion
granules

Liberation at
the apical cell
surface
 SECRETORY AMELOBLAST

’Tomes
process

Responsible for rod and

Rod and inter-rod substance
inter-rod configeation
Maturative Stage
(with the help of stratum intermedium cells)
2. Introduction of minerals
3. Reabsorption of enamel proteins & water
 starts after all enamel
matrix at incisal edge
or cusp tip is formed
 Ameloblasts

→reduced in size
 organells of secretion

become enclosed in Selective function of ameloblast

autophagic vacuoles during maturation
 MATURATIVE AMELOBLAST

• Folding of distal cell

membrane → striated
boredr
• Increase of surface area
for transport of materials

 number of
mitochondria, shifted to
distal end of cell
Smooth-
• Transitory stage: -Ruffled
ended
ended
smooth-ended
 Mineralization of Enamel Matrix

 Initial partial mineralization of 30%

of total mineral content
 Reabsorption of enamel proteins & water
 Crystal growth 96% APATITE CONTENT
 Protective Stage:
 After maturation of enamel
 Ameloblasts → reduced
 form with other layers of
dental organ → reduced
dental epithelium
 protects mature enamel
from surrounding C.T.
 Desmolytic Stage:
• reduced enamel
epithelial cells
secrete
desmolytic enzymes
degenerate C.T.
separating
developing tooth &
oral epithelium:
a pathway for eruption
Relationship of
Tomes’ process
to the key hole
pattern