Dentin

Histological Study of
:Hard Dental Tissues  Physical properties

Chemical Composition
Inorganic phase
Organic phase

Development (genesis):
Forming cells: (life history)
Matrix formation (protein synthesis)
Calcification (mineralization)

Ultra-structure:
Structural unit-Regional variation

Incremental lines
Age changes ‹Clinical consideration
GROUND SECTION DECALCIFIED SECTION

Methods of Studying
”hard tissues ”

Inorganic part Organic part

 :Dentin Specialized calcified
C.T.
forms the main bulk
In crownof the tooth
it☻
is covered
by enamel
In root it is☻
covered by
cementum
Forms Dentin-Pulp Complex ☻
:Physical Properties of Dentin
:COLORYELLOWISH

HARDNESS: less than

enamel,
but more than
cementum and
bone
ELASTICITY: highly elastic

:PERMEABILITYSemi permeable
in both directions
(to & from the pulp)
 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
:OF DENTIN
By weight:
70% 30%
Inorganic: :Organic
Hydroxyapatite“ • 20% organic
”crystals Collagen – 90%
Ca 10(PO4)6 (OH)2 Phos.pr. – 8%
Pospho-lip.
Ground.sub –
10% water
•2%
Histological Structure Of
Dentin
Dentinal
tubules

Dentin

Predentin

Odontoblasts
 Histological Structure dentinal
tubules
Closely packed dentinal tubules
enclosed within & pulp
surrounded by space
Inter-tubular dentin S- shaped
curvature
Interwoven network of collagen type I fibrils
in which apatite crystals are deposited

Dentinal
tubules

Inter-tubular
dentin
Surrounded by Peritubular
Hypermineralized rings dentin
 Dentinal Tubules
Course
Primary
curvature

S- shaped
curvature Secondary
curvature
 Dentinal Tubules
Number
No. / unit area
75,000
Pulpal side : peripheral layer
1 : 4

Diameter
D.T. taper from pulpal surface outwards
Closely packed near the pulp than
in the peripheral layer

Branches
lateral branches terminalal branches
 Dentinal Tubules
Content
Near Amorphous
peripheral non cellular
surface material
Odontoblastic
Intermediate process,or
dentin empty with
tissue fluid
Inner Odontoblastic
dentin process &
Sensory nerve
terminals
Ground Section of D.Ts.

Straight
At the cusp tip
or (incisal edge)

At cervical
area S shape
Secondary
curvatures
Mid portion
of root and
Straigh
apically
 Decalcified Section of D.Ts.

Odontoblasts Dentin

Predentin
Terminal
branches
curvatures
Sec.
 T.S. In Dentinal Tubules

Odontoblastic
process
(Tomes’ fiber)

Periodontobl
astic space
Ground section Scanning microscope

Neumann’s
sheath

Decalcified section
 Odontoblasts:
 They form a layer lining the
periphery of the pulp.
 Each has a single process
extending into a dentinal tubule.
 Size: 7u in diameter
40u in length.
They are columnar in the crown ,
then become cuboidal rootwise,
may be almost flattened. at the
root apex.
Odontoblastic layer
 Odontoblasts
Active synthetic Resting
Criteria for Protein state state
Synthesizing and
Secreting Cells:
 Large open-faced nucleus
 Abundant cytoplasm
 no. of mitochondria
 rough endoplasmic
reticulum RER
 in size of Golgi
apparatus
 Presence of secretory  Smaller cell size
granules  Decreased
 Microtubules and organelles
microfilaments  Little cytoplasm
Regional Variation:
Types of Dentin
Mantle Dntin

Circumpulpal
dentin
Primary
Interglobular dentin
dentin

Intertubular
dentin

Peritubular
dentin
Mantle Dntin
)outermost layer(

Circumpulpal
dentin
)around the pulp(
Mantle dentin & Circumpulpal dentin
Mantl
e
Denti
n
20um
wide
Circumpulpal
Dentin

Mantle dentin Circumpulpal

First dentin formed dentin
Dentin formed after
aginst DEJ mantle dentin, around
Large collagen fibers the pulpfibres
Fine collagen
Perpendicular to DEJ parallel to dentin surface
Ground substance from Ground substance from
dental papilla and odontoblasts only
odontoblasts
Linear calcification Globular and linear
calcification
Peritubular dentin & Intertubular dentin

• Dentinal tubules •Located between the

surrounded by tubules
hypermineralized •Formed of interwoven
dentin. collagen fibers
• its formation is •apatite crystals are
continuous. deposited within & in-
between them.
Interglobular dentin Tomes’ Granular layer
 Interglobular dentin Tomes’ granular layer
may be present in the A constant feature of
crown or root related to
disturbance in
the root surface
mineralization dentin
Follow the Present at the dentin
incremental pattern –cementun interface
Arc-like areas due to Spotty granular
incomplete fusion of appearance due to
calcospherites related hypomineralization or
to disturbance in looping of the
mineralization terminal branches of
odontoblastic
Detinal tubules pass processes
No dentinal tubules
through these areas pass through this
uninterrupted, but layer
peritubular dentin is
absent
Incremental Lines Of Dentin
von
Ebner

Contour
lines
of Owen

Neonatal
line
 Incremental Lines Of Dentin
Incremental lines

Neonatal
line
of von Ebner

Contour
line of
Owen
Incremental Lines

von Ebner

Contour lines
of Owen

Neonatal line von Ebner

Blood Supply of Dentin
 Dentinogenesis
1 Matrix formation 2 Maturation
(Predentin) (mineralization)

Collagen Ground Hydroxyapatite

fibers substance
crystals
deposition
 Matrix Formation -1
.Differentiation of odontoblasts
Ameloblasts

IDE

Basement
membrane

Differentiate from At first become

the peripheral The cells grow in length
short columnar (40u) and closely
dental papilla cell with many
cells (UMC) packed together
stubby processes
 Odontoblast becomes
a protein forming and
secreting cell.
 R E R , Mitochondria and Golgi bodies
 Ribonucleic acid and alkaline phosphatase

Large open
faced N
Inner dental
RER
epith side
Mitochondria

Golgi Predentin
bodies
 Odontoblast Early dentin
differentiation formation

dentin

predentin

odontoblasts
 Odontoblastic process formation

As more D is laid down, the

At first more than one cells receed and leave single
process process ( Tomes’ fiber)
 Mineralization-2
Budding of
matrix Rupture of matrix Mineralization of the
vesicles vesicles mantle dentin

Has
membrane
rich in
alkaline
Matrix
phosphatase
vesicle

Calcium and
phosphate
ions undergo
crystallization
 Pattern Of
Mineralization
1- Linear at the
mantle dentin area

2- Globular in
M V in Crystal
matrix
circumpulpal
lization
dentin just below
mantle dentin
3- Combination in
the remaining
Lodgment circumpulpal
Rupture
of crystals dentin of the
crown and root
Innervation of Dentine
 Subodontoplastic
plexus of
Raschkow.
 Nerves bundles:

- Myelinate
- Unmyelinated
 Free nerve
endings
 Intratubular
nerve fibrils
 Innervations Of Dentin
The nerve will loose its
High at D E J schwann caoting then
pass between the
odontoblasts bodies and
enter the dentinal
Less sensitive
tubules ( In crown and
area
fewer in the root )

High near the Plexus of Raschkow

pulpal surface (suodontoblastic layer)
 :Sensitivity of Dentine
1. Direct
innervation
theory

3. Trasduction
theory

5. Hydrodynamic
theory.
 Age and Functional Changes
in Dentine
►Primary dentine changes:

 Transparent or
Sclerotic dentine.

 Dead tracts.

 ↓ permeability &
sensitivity
(Transparent (Sclerotic Dentin
Mild stimulus leads to changes
for the dentin already present.
1- Odontoblast
and its process
Transparent D
undergo fatty
degeneration.
2- calcification
occurs intratubular.
Tubules first
become narrow ,then
become blocked

The affected area has occluded dentinal tubules, so the

dentin will have uniform refractive index. This area of
dentin appears translucent by transmitted light.
 Severe stimulation
to dentin leads to
Dead Tracts
destruction of the
odontoblastic
process and
odontoblasts. This
leads to embty and
wide dentinal
tubules.
 These areas apear
black with
transmitted light.
 Under the dead
tracts from the
pulpal surface ,
reparative dentine
will be formed.
 ► Secondary dentin
Regular Secondary Dentin
 Occurs on the entire
pulpal surface.
 In multirooted teeth it
is thicker on the roof
and floor of pulp
chamber.
 The size of the pulp
cavity decreases and
obliteration of the
pulp horns occurs
 The dentinal tubules
change their direction
to a more wavy course
 The no. of dentinal
tubules is fewer
 Line of demarcation
 Irregular Secondary Dentin
((Reparative or tertiary dentin

 Severe stimulus
 The dentin is
formed at a
localized area.
 The dentinal
tubules are less in Irregular D T
number and
irregular in
arrangement.
 UMC from the
subodontoblastic
layer will
differentiate and
replace the
degenerated
odontoblasts to
 Types Of Reparative
Dentin
Osteodentin (entrapped cells).

Atubular dentin ( area

without dentinal
tubules)

Vasodentin
(entrapped b.v.)