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Copyright 2004 Northrop Grumman Corporation

Fearless Fighters UCAVs Come Of Age

NDIA Targets Charleston, South Carolina 17 November 2004 Doug Fronius Director, Target Programs and Special Projects Northrop Grumman Corporation

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Agenda
Definitions Historical Underpinnings UCAV Classes Today Opportunities and Challenges Conclusion

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Copyright 2004 Northrop Grumman Corporation

Definitions
UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)
(JP 1-02)

Powered, aerial vehicles that do not carry a human operator, use aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload. Ballistic or semiballistic vehicles, cruise missiles, and artillery projectiles are not considered UAVs.

UCAV (Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle)

Aircraft that can launch, attack, and recover without crewmembers aboard, or UAV that delivers ordnance and returns for follow-on missions.

UCAR (Unmanned Combat Armed Rotorcraft)

UAV DARPA/Army UCAV program based on rotary wing

J-UCAS (Joint Unmanned Combat Air System)

DARPA/Air Force/Navy advanced UCAV program
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Historical Underpinnings
Critical Technological Requirements for UAV Development (per Laurence Newcome) Stabilization (Gyroscope System) Remote Control (Radio and Television) Autonomous Navigation (INS) Additional Requirements for UCAV Development Highly Accurate Autonomous Waypoint Navigation (GPS) Wideband Satellite Communications All-Weather Digital ISR Payloads Political / Cultural Acceptance
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Historical Underpinnings
First UAV Development Efforts Focused on Pilotless Bombs Sperry Gyrostabilization Provided Way to Solve Stability Problems
Sopwith AT (1916)

Interwar Period Saw UAVs Succeed as Targets Advances in Radio Technology Permitted Remote C2
Controlling deHavilland Queen Bee (1935-42)

WW II Spurred Resumption of Efforts to Make UAVs Guided Bombs Mainly Unsuccessful, but Television Enhanced Remote C2
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USN TDR-1 Assault Drone (1943-44)

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Historical Underpinnings
Pilotless Northrop P-61s Use for Meteorological Studies (1946) Automated QB-17s and F6F Hellcats Used in Operation Crossroads Bikini Atomic Tests (1946-58) Northrop OQ-19 Target Modified for Multiple Missions SD-1 Observer for Tactical Reconnaissance (1955) KD-2R Torpedo Carrier (1961) Maturation of Inertial Navigation Systems During 1950s and 1960s Third Key Technology Critical to UAV Success
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Unmanned QB-17 (July 1946)

KD-2R Torpedo Carrier (1961)

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QH-50 . . . First Operational UCAV . . . And Rotary Wing to Boot!

Developed in 1958 for Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) from Gyrodyne RON-1 Twin-Bladed Coaxial Rotorcycle DASH -- Drone Anti-Submarine Helicopter Used Fleetwide through 1970 Armed with 2 x Mk44 Homing Torpedoes or Mk 57 Nuclear Depth Charge Other Configurations/Missions Evolved From Sonobuoy Dispensing and Personnel Recovery to Real-Time Surveillance/Spotting and Precision Strike Employed in Vietnam Principal Deficiency Was Lack of Redundant Systems Constructed to Be Expendable in Keeping with ASW Role
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QH-50A Off USS Hazlewood

QH-50 Mounting 17.6 mm Gatling Gun

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Fixed-Wing UAV Weaponization

Modified BQM-34 Ground-Launched
with 1000-Lb Weapon Load (1964) BGM-34A Developed for SEAD
Concept Tests Followed by Target First: Successful Delivery of Weapon (1972) Successfully Used to Deliver Mavericks, Hobos, etc. in AF Tests (1973-74) Demonstrated Successfully (1976-78)

BGM-34B Expanded Capabilities

BGM-34C Combined EW, Recce, Strike

BGM-34B with Self-Propelled Air-toSurface Munition (SPASM)

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BGM-34C with Configuration Options

BGM-34Bs At Hill AFB In Early 1970s

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Ongoing Programs Today

Dual Efforts Existing Recce UAVs Being Armed New UAVs Being Purpose-Designed as UCAVs Primary Focus on Weapons Delivery Recce and Other Missions Subordinate UCAV Classes Tactical: MQ-1 Predator A, MQ-5B Hunter, Extended Range Multi-Purpose (ERMP) Low-to-Medium Altitude and Performance; Low Cost Rotary Wing: Fire Scout, UCAR Low-to-Medium Altitude; Medium Performance and Cost Hunter-Killer: MQ-9 Predator B, Model 395 Proteus Derivative Medium-to-High Altitude, Performance, Cost J-UCAS: X-45C, X-47B Demonstrators Medium-to-High Altitude; High Performance and Cost

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Tactical UCAVs
RQ-1 Predator A Operated from Albania in 1995, Supported Deny Flight and Deliberate Force Armed with Hellfire Missiles during OEF and Became MQ-1 Operational Success Led to MQ-9 Predator B Effort RQ-5A Hunter Used Successfully in OIF Fostered Viper Strike Armament Program Designated Interim Army ERMP Asset
MQ-5B Hunter

MQ-1 Predator A

Extended Range Multi-Purpose Program Current US Army Competition for the Next Generation Tactical UCAV
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Hunter II ERMP Candidate

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Rotary Wing UCAV Fire Scout

SPECIFICATIONS
Length Folded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 ft Rotor Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.5 ft Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 ft Gross Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3150 lbs Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125+ kts Ceiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,000 ft Endurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8+ hours

Hellfire

BAT
(Brilliant Anti-Tank)

LOCAAS
(Low Cost Autonomous Attack System)

(Objective Crew Served Weapon)

OCSW

(Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System)

APKWS

Approved for Public Release: USN 003/04 Dated: 10 Feb 2004

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Rotary Wing UCAV DARPA/Army UCAR Program

DARPA GOALS Autonomous Collaborative Mission Execution Highly Survivable Low Altitude Autonomous Operations Substantial Improvement in Targeting and Weapons Capability Network Centric System Average Cost Under $8M O&S Cost Less Than 40% of Apache
Armed Reconnaissance and Attack
Northrop Grumman Team UCAR Candidate AV Lockheed Martin Team UCAR Candidate AV

UCAR Will Change the Way the Army Fights

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Air Vehicle Concept Overview

Characteristics
Empty Wt. (Allocated) TOGW 4 Hellfire Mission Max T.O. Weight, Sling Load Engine Turbo Shaft Engine SLS Two UCAR Per C-130 Aircraft Survivable 4,681 6,370 8,815 T800-LHT-802 1,672 lb lb lb hp

Apache Size Comparison

Weapons

APKWS Rockets 25mm OCSW Gun Hellfire/Common Missile

Growth Weapons Sensors

EO/IR Targeting - ATR LADAR Identification LASER RF/TD Designation ELINT Emitter ID Starring Arrays ID Gunfire RADAR SAR/MTI Modular Payload Bay for Additional Sensor Capabilities Air to Air Missile Directed Energy (HEL and HPM) Less Than Lethal

Performance

Kaman Intermesh Rotor Helicopter Heritage

Agile and Versatile Modular Multi-Mission Design

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Speed (SLS) Altitude Endurance w/Aux.Fuel (SLS) Range w/Aux.Fuel (SLS) Internal Payload (UGW) External Sling Load Capability

>160 30 to 20K 10.6 1,780 2,500 3,200

kts ft hrs km lb lb

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Northrop Grummans UCAR System

Robust, Effective, and Affordable

Copyright 2004 Northrop Grumman Corporation

Compelling Capability for the US Army

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Hunter-Killer UCAV
ASC REQUIREMENTS Proven Technologies Operational Assets By End FY07 Persistence, Lethality, Connectivity, Affordability KEY SPECIFICS 35K - 50K Ft, 16 - 30+ Hrs 3,000 Lb External Payload (Min 4 x 500-lb PGMs) ISR w/Data Xfer Via LOS/BLOS AV Flyaway Cost Under $10M System Cost (2 x AV, Ground Element, Unique Support) Less Than $30M
General Atomics Predator B

Armed Reconnaissance and Attack

Northrop Grumman / Scaled Composites Proteus

Swiss Army Knife for the Kill Chain

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Model 395 AV (Proteus Derivative)

Air Vehicle
Empty Weight . . . . 5,700 lbs MTOGW . . . . . . . . .15,800 lbs Max External Load . 6,500 lbs Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78.6 ft Fuselage length . . . . . 56.4 ft

Vehicle Performance
Endurance = 16 hrs @ 40K ft With 3,000 lb Weapons Payload Loiter Speed = 200 ktas Dash Speed = 300 ktas @30K ft Maximum Endurance (ISR Payload, No Weapons) = 25+ hrs @ 40K ft Self-deployment / Ferry Range: 5,200 nm

ISR Payloads
Forward Payload Bays, 900 lb EO/IR and SAR with GMTI Unused volume: >100 cu ft

Electrical Power (Continuous)

36 kW @ 40K ft with 6% Surge Margin

Centerline Payload Carriage Enhances Flexibility

EO/IR, Laser Designator, and SAR w/GMTI For Autonomous Weapons Targeting and Tracking
GBU 39 GBU 12 GBU 32 GBU 38

Mix of six GBU-38 JDAMs Or GBU-12 LGBs Carried On Centerline MOTS Racks For No Asymmetrical Loading And Easy Loading Using Inventory Equipment

AG M 154

EGBU GBU28 10

GBU 31

GBU 16

GBU 103

Model 395 has Inherent Flexibility and Performance 9 Weapons Small Smart Bomb Carriage Allows Carriage Offor Significantto 6500 lbs. OfExpansion Up Capability Weapons Capacity
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DARPA J-UCAS Program in Perspective

Not an acquisition programyet Rather, a demonstration program designed to: Reduce technical risk Prove feasibility of UCAS concept Match manned systems reliability, dynamic ops capability Examine the UCAS concept transformational utility through analysis & live/virtual operational assessment Develop future UCAS acquisition options, quantifying appropriate system attributes (range, payload, speed, stealth, mission systems) While J-UCAS demonstration systems will yield initial military capability, the operational systems are in development NGC involved because of potential to provide major new transformational capabilities

DARPA J-UCAS PROGRAM

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J-UCAS Program/System Elements

Communications Relay Navigation Sustainment Transport

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Operational Infrastructure

Boeing X-45C

Mission-Tailored Design Vehicle Management Vehicle Autonomous Functions

Platform/Vehicle(s)

Secure Links/Network LOS or BLOS Ops

Communications

Operating System
System C2 & Interfaces Comms Management Mission Planning Autonomous Functions Health/Status Logical HSI

Northrop Grumman X-47B

Physical HSI (Displays, I/O, ) Launch/Recovery Control Vehicle-Payload Operations Human Crew

Control Station(s)

Maintenance Logistics Launch / Recover Infrastructure

Direct Support

Sensor(s) On-Board Processing Data Relay Weapons

Payload Systems

DARPA J-UCAS PROGRAM

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X-47B J-UCAS Demonstration System

Size comparison to F/A-18C/D
Spot Factor = 0.87

Copyright 2004 Northrop Grumman Corporation

38.2 ft 56.0 ft

J-UCAS X-47B Air Vehicle Altitude: >40,000 ft Speed: High Subsonic Payload: >4,000 lb Unrefueled range (w/max pyld): >3,500NM Sensor EO/IR/SAR/ Provisions: GMTI/ESM Air refueling provisions: USN & USAF style Mission TOGW: >35,000 lbs Basing: Land and CV

62.1 ft 40.4 ft

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Potential Weapon Carriage (4,500Lb payload)

Weapons Bay Fuel Bay Fuel Tank Tank (2,500 lbs (2,500 lbs Ea) Ea) 14 14 AGM-65E AGM-65E (Maverick) (Maverick) 7 7 GBU-12 GBU-12 MK-82 LGB MK-82 LGB AMRAAM AMRAAM 13 13 CBU-99 12 CBU-99 12 11 11 SDB SDB 10 10

Copyright 2004 Northrop Grumman Corporation

Advanced SEAD SEAD 9 9

MALD/MALD-J MALD/MALD-J 8 8

Advanced Advanced SEAD SEAD 9

GBU-12 GBU-12 MK-82 LGB MK-82 LGB AMRAAM AMRAAM 13 13 CBU-99 12 CBU-99 12 11 11 SDB SDB 10 10

Weapons Weapons Bay Fuel Bay Fuel Tank Tank (2,500 lbs (2,500 lbs Ea) Ea) 14 14 AGM-65E AGM-65E (Maverick) (Maverick) 7 7

6 6 AGM-114 AGM-114 (Hellfire) (Hellfire)

5 5 WCMD WCMD (CBU-103, (CBU-103, -104, -104, -105) -105)

4 4 JDAM MK-82 JDAM MK-82 PIP GBU-31 PIP GBU-31

3 3 JDAM MK-83 JDAM MK-83 PIP GBU-32 PIP GBU-32

2 2 JDAM BLU-109 JDAM BLU-109 PIP GBU-31 PIP GBU-31

1 1 JDAM JDAM MK-84 MK-84 PIP PIP GBU-31 GBU-31

2 2 JDAM BLU-109 JDAM BLU-109 PIP GBU-31 PIP GBU-31

3 3 JDAM MK-83 JDAM MK-83 PIP GBU-32 PIP GBU-32

4 4 JDAM MK-82 JDAM MK-82 PIP GBU-31 PIP GBU-31

5 5 WCMD WCMD (CBU-103, (CBU-103, -104, -104, -105) -105)

6 6 AGM-114 AGM-114 (Hellfire) (Hellfire)

No.
1 2 3 4 5

Weapon
JDAM MK-84 PIP GBU-31 JDAM BLU-109 PIP GBU-31 JDAM MK-83 PIP GBU-32 JDAM MK-82 PIP GBU-31 WCMD (CBU-103, -104, -105)

Qty
2 2 2 4 4

No.
6 7 8 9 10

Weapon
AGM-114 (Hellfire) AGM-65E (Maverick) MALD/MALD-J Advanced SEAD Small Diameter Bomb

Qty
4 2 4 4 8

No.
11 12 13 14

Weapon
CBU-99 AMRAAM GBU-12 MK-82 LGB Wpns Bay Fuel Tank

Qty
2 4 4 1-2

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Opportunities and Challenges

UCAV Advantages Mission Flexibility: The Dull, Dirty, and Dangerous Persistence Reduced Human Risk Cost Reduced Logistic Tail Challenges Increasing Autonomy Operations in Controlled Airspace Integration with Manned Assets Persistence (AAR, Engines, System Reliability) Network Centricity Communications (Data Flow / Data Management) Cultural Factors Man in the Loop Collateral Damage Control
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Autonomous Operations
9 UCAR Leap

Revolutionary Autonomous Control Level Revolutionary Autonomous Control Level

ully Fully Autonomous 10 Swarms

Group Strategic Goals

istributed Control 8

TEAMS
UCAR

7 roup Tactical Goals

roup Group Tactical Plan 6

GROUP

J-UCAS J-UCAS Leap

roup Group Coordination5 4

Group On-Board Route Re-Plan

dapt to Failures and 3 ight Conditions 2 1 0 1970

INDIVIDUAL
Hunter

Global Hawk Class IV Current UAVs Fire Scout

Real-Time Health Diagnosis

Remotely Guided

ACL

(Ref. AFRL UAV Roadmap 2000)

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

Moving Up The Autonomy Scale Will Be Critical

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Network Centric Operational Concept

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External Information Systems Global Informati on Grid Blue Force Tracke r Joint Forces Networ ks ISR Netwo rks Fire Contro l Netwo rks NATO

Future Force System of Systems Future Force Network Apach e Battle Command Black Hawk Army Airborne C2S Future Tactical Truck SystemUtility (FTTS-U) FCS Command & Control Vehicle (C2V)
DISTAR 3179

UCAR Manned-Unmanned (MUM) System Air Mission Comman der Futu re UCAR Unmanned System UCAR MUM Team B

Adaptive Networks

Multi-Mode Radar EO/IR

LADAR FARP/Base Air Supporte Vehicl d Unit e Networked Fires (Warfight Controll (FCS Ground Elements, DCGS-A) er) er (Crew APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE, DISTRIBUTION

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Conclusions UCAV-Enabling Technologies Are Here Acceptance of UCAVs Is Growing Challenges Are Defined and Solutions Are In Work Across Government and Industry

UCAVs -- Coming Soon To A Theater Near You!

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