Ar ra ys

Java Programming:
From Problem Analysis to Program Design,
Second Edition
 Learning Objectives
 Revise about arrays.
 Explore how to declare and manipulate data into
arrays.
 Become familiar with the restrictions on array
processing.
 Discover how to pass an array as a parameter to a
method.
 Discover how to manipulate data in a two-dimensional
array.
 Learn about multidimensional arrays.

Java Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Second Edition 2

 Array
 A structured data type with a fixed number of
components.
 Every component is of the same type.
 Components are accessed using their relative
positions in the array.

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 One-Dimensional Arrays
 Syntax to instantiate an array:
 dataType[ ] arrayName;
arrayName = new dataType[intExp]
 dataType[ ] arrayName = new dataType[intExp]
 dataType[ ] arrayName1, arrayName2;

 Syntax to access an array component:

 arrayName[indexExp]

 intExp = number of components in array >= 0

 0 <= indexExp <= intExp

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 Array num
int[] num = new int[5];

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 Array list

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 Array Initialization During Declaration

double[] sales = {12.25, 32.50, 16.90, 23,

45.68};
 The values, called initial values, are placed between braces and separated by
commas.
 Here, sales[0]= 12.25, sales[1]= 32.50, sales[2]= 16.90,
sales[3]= 23.00, and sales[4]= 45.68.
 When declaring and initializing arrays, the size of the array is determined by
the number of initial values within the braces.
 If an array is declared and initialized simultaneously, we do not use the
operator new to instantiate the array object.

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 Arrays and the Instance Variable length

 A public instance variable length is associated with each

array that has been instantiated.
 The variable length contains the size of the array.
 The variable length can be directly accessed in a program
using the array name and the dot operator.
 This statement creates the array list of six components and
initializes the components using the values given. Here
list.length is 6.
int[] list = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60};

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 Arrays and the Instance Variable length
 This statement creates the array numList of 10 components and initializes
each component to 0.
int[] numList = new int[10];

 The value of numList.length is 10.

 These statements store 5, 10, 15, and 20, respectively, in the first four
components of numList.
numList[0] = 5;
numList[1] = 10;
numList[2] = 15;
numList[3] = 20;

 You can store the number of filled elements, that is, the actual number of
elements, in the array in a variable, say noOfElement. It is a common
practice for a program to keep track of the number of filled elements in an
array.

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 Arrays
 Some operations on arrays:
 Initialize
 Input data
 Output stored data
 Find largest/smallest/sum/average of elements

double[] sales = new double[10];

int index;
double largestSale, sum, average;

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 Code to Initialize Array to
Specific Value (10.00)

for (index = 0; index < sales.length;

index++)
sales[index] = 10.00;

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Code to Read/Input Data into Array
for (index = 0; index < sales.length;
index++)
sales[index] = console.nextDouble();

Code to Print/Output Array

for (index = 0; index < sales.length;
index++)
System.out.print(sales[index] + " ");

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Code to Find Sum and Average of
Array
sum = 0;
for (index = 0; index < sales.length;
index++)
sum = sum + sales[index];

if (sales.length != 0)
average = sum / sales.length;
else
average = 0.0;

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 Determining Largest Element in
Array

maxIndex = 0;

for (index = 1; index < sales.length;

index++)
if (sales[maxIndex] < sales[index])
maxIndex = index;

largestSale = sales[maxIndex];

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 Determining Largest Element in Array

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 Methods for Array Processing
public static void fillArray(int[] list,
int noOfElements)
{
int index;

for (index = 0; index < noOfElements;

index++)
list[index] = console.nextInt();
}

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 Methods for Array Processing
public static void printArray(int[] list,
int noOfElements)
{
int index;
for (index = 0; index < noOfElements; index++)
System.out.print(list[index] + " ");
}

public static int sumArray(int[] list,

int noOfElements)
{
int index;
int sum = 0;
for (index = 0; index < noOfElements; index++)
sum = sum + list[index];
return sum;
}
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 Methods for Array Processing
public static int indexLargestElement(int[] list,
int noOfElements)
{
int index;
int maxIndex = 0;
for (index = 1; index < noOfElements; index++)
if (list[maxIndex] < list[index])
maxIndex = index;
return maxIndex;
}

public static void copyArray(int[] list1,

int[] list2,
int noOfElements)
{
int index;
for (index = 0; index < noOfElements; index++)
list2[index] = list1[index];
}
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 Array of String Objects
String[] nameList = new String[5];

nameList[0] = "Amanda Green";

nameList[1] = "Vijay Arora";
nameList[2] = "Sheila Mann";
nameList[3] = "Rohit Sharma";
nameList[4] = "Mandy Johnson";

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 Array of String Objects

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 Arrays of Objects
Clock[] arrivalTimeEmp = new Clock[100];

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 Instantiating Array Objects
for (int j = 0; j < arrivalTimeEmp.length; j++)
arrivalTimeEmp[j] = new Clock();

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 Instantiating Array Objects
arrivalTimeEmp[49].setTime(8, 5, 10);

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 Arrays and Variable Length
Parameter List
 The syntax to declare a variable length formal
parameter (list) is:
dataType ... identifier

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 Arrays and Variable Length Parameter List

public static double largest(double ... numList){

double max;
int index;
if (numList.length != 0){
max = list[0];
for (index = 1; index < numList.length;
index++) {
if (max < numList [index])
max = numList [index];
}
return max;
}
return 0.0;
}

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 Arrays and Variable Length Parameter List
double num1 = largest(34, 56);
double num2 = largest(12.56, 84, 92);
double num3 = largest(98.32, 77, 64.67, 56);
System.out.println(largest(22.50, 67.78,
92.58, 45, 34, 56));
double[] numberList = {18. 50, 44, 56.23, 17.89
92.34, 112.0, 77, 11, 22,
86.62);
System.out.println(largest(numberList));

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 Two-Dimensional Arrays
 Data is sometimes in table form (difficult to represent using a
one-dimensional array).
 To declare/instantiate a two-dimensional array:
dataType[ ][ ] arrayName = new
dataType[intExp1][intExp2];
 To access a component of a two-dimensional array:
arrayName[indexExp1][indexExp2];
 intExp1, intExp2 >= 0
 indexExp1 = row position
 indexExp2 = column position

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 Two-Dimensional Arrays
 Can specify different number of columns for each
row (ragged arrays).
 Three ways to process two-dimensional arrays:
 Entire array.
 Particular row of array (row processing).
 Particular column of array (column processing).
 Processing algorithms is similar to processing
algorithms of one-dimensional arrays.

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 Two-Dimensional Arrays
double[][]sales = new double[10][5];

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 Accessing Two-Dimensional
Array Components

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Two-Dimensional Arrays: Special
Cases

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 Two-Dimensional Arrays: Processing
Initialization
for (row = 0; row < matrix.length; row++)
for (col = 0; col < matrix[row].length;
col++)
matrix[row][col] = 10;

Print
for (row = 0; row < matrix.length; row++)
{
for (col = 0; col < matrix[row].length;
col++)
System.out.printf("%7d", matrix[row][col]);
System.out.println();
}
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 Two-Dimensional Arrays: Processing
Input
for (row = 0; row < matrix.length; row++)
for (col = 0; col < matrix[row].length;
col++)
matrix[row][col] = console.nextInt();
Sum by Row
for (row = 0; row < matrix.length; row++)
{
sum = 0;
for (col = 0; col < matrix[row].length;
col++)
sum = sum + matrix[row][col];
System.out.println("Sum of row " + (row + 1)
+ " = "+ sum);
}
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 Two-Dimensional Arrays: Processing
Sum by Column
for (col = 0; col < matrix[0].length; col++)
{
sum = 0;
for (row = 0; row < matrix.length; row++)
sum = sum + matrix[row][col];
System.out.println("Sum of column " + (col + 1)
+ " = " + sum);
}

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 Two-Dimensional Arrays: Processing
Largest Element in Each Row
for (row = 0; row < matrix.length; row++)
{
largest = matrix[row][0];
for (col = 1; col < matrix[row].length;
col++)
if (largest < matrix[row][col])
largest = matrix[row][col];
System.out.println("The largest element of row "
+ (row + 1) + " = " + largest);
}

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 Two-Dimensional Arrays: Processing
Largest Element in Each Column

for (col = 0; col < matrix[0].length; col++)

{
largest = matrix[0][col];
for (row = 1; row < matrix.length; row++)
if (largest < matrix[row][col])
largest = matrix[row][col];
System.out.println("The largest element of col "
+ (col + 1) + " = " + largest);
}

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 Multidimensional Arrays
 Can define three-dimensional arrays or n-dimensional arrays (n
can be any number).
 Syntax to declare and instantiate array:
dataType[][]…[] arrayName = new
dataType[intExp1][intExp2]…[intExpn];
 Syntax to access component:
arrayName[indexExp1][indexExp2]…[indexExpn]
 intExp1, intExp2, ..., intExpn = positive integers
 indexExp1,indexExp2, ..., indexExpn = non-negative
integers

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 Loops to Process
Multidimensional Arrays

double[][][] carDealers = new double[10][5][7];

For (i = 0; i < 10; i++)

for (j = 0; j < 5; j++)
for (k = 0; k < 7; k++)
carDealers[i][j][k] = 10.00;

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 Summary
 Arrays: Definition & Uses
 Different arrays:
 One-dimensional,
 Two-dimensional, Multidimensional (n-
dimensional), Arrays of objects
 Declaring arrays
 Instantiating arrays
 Processing arrays
 Manipulating data in arrays

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