Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Numbers
2. State Universities
3. Institutions established under States Legislature Act 4. Institution deemed to be University 5. Institutions of National Importance 6. Research Institutes Total
275
5 96 13 136 543
2
2003-04
2004-05 (RE)
3.50
3.68
17.8
18.0
0.62
0.66
4
4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Education
Engineering/Technology Medicine Agriculture Veterinary Science Law Others Total
1,32,572
6,92,087 3,00,669 55,367 14,765 2,98,291 80,745 92,27,833
1.43
7.50 3.25 0.60 0.16 3.23 0.88 100.00
5
Rural
Urban
6.74
19.88
20 10 0
10.84 6.74
Total
Rural
Urban
7
Male Female
12.42 9.11
15 10 5 0 Male
9.11
Female
9
SC
OBC Others Total
6.52
8.77 17.22 10.84
10
30 20
9.81 1 0.84
10 0
1 .47
3.37
4.88
> 359.1
359.11461.14
461.1 587.33
Total
13
Coordination and determination of standards in higher education and research in the country
Release of grants to universities and colleges Recognition of Universities and colleges (including eligibility for central grants) specification of degrees; Minimum standards of instruction, common pay scales, common facilities and institutional accreditation through NAAC 14
Statutory Mandate
Promotion, coordination and determination of standards of the open universities and distance education systems in the country. Release of grants to open universities and correspondence course institutes Initiated assessment and accreditation activities
15
All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) AICTE Act, 1987, Ministry of HRD,
www.aicte.ernet.in
Statutory Mandate
Primary Function
Other Functions
Planning and coordinated development of technical education in the country Approval of degree and diploma programs in engineering, architecture, pharmacy and hotel management Funding for institutional and faculty development, pay scales and qualifications of teachers accreditation through NAAC
16
Statutory Mandate
Primary Function Other Functions
To establish standards in medical education and to define medical qualifications in India and abroad Registration of medical practioners and recognition of medical institutions Eligibility criteria for admissions; exam. for recognition of foreign qualifications for practice in India.
17
Other Functions
Other Collection and compilation of Functions data relating to nurses, midwives, health visitors.
19
20
Statutory Mandate
Primary Function Other Functions
21
Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) Not a statutory body, Ministry of
Agriculture, www.icar.org.in
Statutory Mandate
Primary Function
Other Functions
Statutory Mandate
Primary Function Other Functions
institution and bring about a measure of accountability a mechanism of accreditation has been developed by UGC. This is an autonomous council under UGC called National Accreditation and Assessment Council (NAAC) with a purpose to carry out periodic assessment of universities and colleges. NAAC has evolved a methodology of assessment which involves self-appraisal by each university/college and an assessment of the performance by an expert committee.
24
Contd.
Similarly, for technical education, AICTE
has established its own accreditation mechanism for its institutions through the National Board of Accreditation (NBA).
25
NAAC
NAAC has identified the following seven criteria to serve as the basis of assessment procedures:
Curricular Aspects Teaching-learning and Evaluation Research, Consultancy and Extension Infrastructure and Learning Resources Student Support and Progression Governance and Leadership Innovative practice
26
It has a large higher education sector the third largest in the world in student numbers, after China and the United States. It uses English as a primary language of higher education and research. It has a long academic tradition. Academic freedom is respected.
27
Contd.
There are a small number of high quality institutions, departments, and centres that can form the basis of quality sector in higher education. The fact that the States, rather than the Central Government, exercise major responsibility for higher education creates a rather cumbersome structure, but the system allows for a variety of policies and approaches.
28
Faculty Concerns
Freeze on new appointments Affects morale in the academic profession. Lack of accountability means that teaching and research performance is seldom measured. Few incentives to perform. Bureaucratic inertia hampers change.
30
Influence of English
For an elite section, a stream of English medium schools are run followed by an elite set of colleges. Indian languages to be used as medium of instructions have failed to undertake translations on a large scale. Sciences, Technology and selective institutions remain firmly anchored to English. Society remains divided between the upper classes with takes advantage of English and the lower classes or rural people who have to do with regional language.
31
32
Industry has not tended to profit from the technological institutions; Their graduates often prefer foreign employment since the developed countries have a demand for their services and Indian industry has not picked up high technology areas of operation; The industry itself has relied much more on foreign and imported technology than indigenous efforts to correct its weaknesses.
33
Content of education
Two themes are important : Indigenousness and Relevance. The tradition of subservience and inactivity in the methods in institutional discipline as well as in the learning processes are criticized.
34
Methods of Teaching
Large sized classes resulting from expansion, inadequately backed by resources and an external examination system which is easy to negotiate with small amounts of unimaginative work perpetuate in teaching and learning.
35
came into
force in early January 2007. Decline in Public Budgets Non-recruitment of Teachers Cost Recovery
Fees
Privatisation
37
Loans
Decline in Philanthropy Virtual halt of State-aided private sector Rapid growth in Self-financing private
sector, leading to diminution of public sector Growth in self-financing courses in public universities/colleges.
38