INPUT HARDWARE

CSC 111/ IT 111/ IM 111

Computer Fundamentals

Ms. Charisse Faye A. Salvaña

Things to be discussed…

 Input Hardware
 Keyboard Input
 Pointing Devices
 Scanning Devices
 Magnetic-Stripe, Smart & Optical Cards
 Voice-Recognition Input Devices
 Other Input Devices
Keyboard Input
Input Hardware: Keyboard Entry vs.
Source Data Entry
 What is input hardware?
It consists of devices that take data & programs that
people can read or comprehend & convert them to a
form the computer can process.

 Categories

 Keyboard Entry
 Source Data Entry
Keyboard Entry
 What is a keyboard?
It is a device that converts letters, numbers, & other
characters into electrical signals that are machine-readable by the
computer’s processor.
Source Data Entry
 What is a source data entry device?
It refers to the many forms of data-entry
devices that are not keyboards.

This device creates a machine-readable data

on magnetic media or paper or feed it directly
into the computer’s processor.
Source Data Entry
 It includes:

 Pointing device  Video-input device

 Scanning device  Electronic cameras
 Voice-recognition  Sensor
device  Human-biology input
 Audio-input device device
Computer Keyboard
 Alphanumeric keys
 Modifier keys
 Numeric keypad
 Function keys
 Cursor-movement keys

The escape key allows you to exit
a command or menu & return
to the work screen.
Function keys are used to issue
Commands specific to the software
package being used.
Num Lock Key turns on the
numeric keypad for numeric
data entry (as on a calculator).
The Enter Key is used to
These status lights indicate when
Execute previously entered These functions are on or off.
Commands.

The three keys can each be used in

conjunction with another key to Issue
commands that are specific to the software
Cursor movement keys move the
being used. This feature increases the
cursor around the text.
number of commands that can be used
(in addition to those available through
the function keys).
Cursor-Movement Keys Prevents the screen
from scrolling.

Prints what’s currently Temporarily suspends

displayed on the screen. the current task.

The Home Key moves you

The Insert Key allows you to to the beginning of a line,
toggle between Insert and page or document.
Typeover modes.
The Page Up Key moves the page
In insert mode, the text you type
up one screen at a time, while the
is additional text; in typeover mode,
Page Down Key moves the page
The text you enter replaces the
down.
Existing text.
The End Key moves you
to the end of a line, page
The Delete Key erases text or document.
at the cursor position.

Allows the cursor to move

around the text.
Terminal
 What is a terminal?
It is a device that consists of a keyboard, a
video display screen, & a communications
line to a large(usually mainframe) computer
system.

 It could be:
 Dumb
 Smart
Terminal
 Dumb
It can be used only to input data to & receive
information from a computer system.

It cannot do any processing on its own.

An example is the type used by airline clerks

at airport ticket & check-in counters.
Terminal
 Smart
It can do input & output & has some processing
capability & RAM.

It is not designed to operate as a stand- alone

computer.

Examples are
 Automated Teller Machine (ATM)
 Point-of-Sale Terminals
Pointing Devices
Pointing Devices
 Mouse, Trackball, & Joystick

 Touch Screen

 Light Pen

 Pen Computer
Mouse
 It is a device that is rolled
about on a desktop & directs a
pointer on the computer’s
display screen.

 Mouse Pointer – the symbol

that indicates the position
of the mouse on the display
screen.
Trackball
 It is a movable ball,
on top of a stationary
device, that is rotated
with fingers or palm of
the hand.
 It is a variant of a
mouse.
 It is specially suited to
portable computers.
Joystick
 It is a pointing device
that consists of a
vertical handle like a
gearshift lever
mounted on a base
with one or two
buttons.
 It is used principally in
videogames.
Touch Screens

 It is a video display
screen that has been
sensitized to receive
input from the touch
of a finger.
Light Pen
 It is a light –sensitive stylus, or
pen-like device, connected by
a wire to the computer
terminal.
 The user brings the pen to a
desired point on the display
screen & presses the pen
button, which identifies that
screen location to the
computer.
 It is used by engineers,
graphic designers, &
illustrators.
Pen Computer
 It uses a pen-like
stylus to allow people
to enter handwriting &
marks onto a
computer screen
rather than typing on
a keyboard.
Scanning Devices
What are scanning devices?
 These devices translate images of text,
drawings, photos, & the like into digital form.

 These include:
 Bar-code readers
 Mark-and character-recognition devices
 Fax machines & fax modems
 Imaging Systems
Bar-Code Reader
 It is a photoelectric
scanners that translate
the bar-code symbols into
digital forms.

 Bar Codes – the vertical

zebra-striped marks
you see on most
manufactured retail
products.
Mark-Recognition & Character-
Recognition Devices
 Magnetic-ink
Character
Recognition (MICR)
- reads the strange-

looking numbers
printed at the
bottom of checks.
Mark-Recognition & Character-
Recognition Devices
 Optical-Mark
Recognition (OMR)

- uses a device that

reads pencil marks
& converts them into
computer-usable
form.
Mark-Recognition & Character-
Recognition Devices
 Optical-Reader
Recognition (OCR)
- uses a device that
reads preprinted
characters in a
particular font
(typeface design) &
converts them to
digital code.
Fax Machines
 It scans an image &
sends it as electronic
signals over
telephone lines to a
receiving fax
machine, which re-
creates the image on
paper.
Fax Modems
 It is installed as a circuit board
inside the computer’s system
cabinet.

 It is a modem with fax

capability that enables you to
send signals directly from your
computer to someone else’s
fax machine or computer fax
modem.
Imaging System
 It converts text, drawings,
& photographs into digital
form that can be stored in
a computer system &
then manipulated using
different software
programs.
 Also called image
scanner or graphics
scanner.
Magnetic-Stripe
Cards, Smart, &
Optical Cards
Magnetic-Stripe Cards
 These are cards with
stripes of
magnetically encoded
data on their backs.
Smart Card
 It looks like a credit
card but contains a
microprocessor &
memory chip.
Optical Card
 It is a plastic, laser-
recordable, wallet-
type cards used with
an optical-card
reader.
Voice-Recognition
Input Devices
What is a voice-recognition
system?

 It converts a person’s speech into digital

code by comparing the electrical patterns
produced by the speaker’s voice with a set
of prerecorded patterns stored in the
computer.
Three Limitations
 Speaker Dependence
- Most systems need to be trained by the speaker to recognize
his or her distinctive speech patterns & even variations in the
way a particular word is said.

 Single Words Versus Continuous Speech

- Most systems can handle only single words & have
vocabularies of 1000 words or less.

 Lack of Comprehension
- Most systems merely translate sounds into characters.
Other Input Devices
Other Types of Input Devices
 Audio-Input Device
 Video-Input Device
 Electronic Camera
 Sensor
 Human-Biology Input Device
Audio-Input Device

 It records or plays analog sound & translates it

for digital storage & processing.
Ways by which audio is digitized

 Audio board

is an add-on circuit board in a

compute that converts analog
sound to digital sound & stores
it for further processing.
Ways by which audio is digitized

 MIDI Board (Musical

Instrument Digital
Interface)

- an add-on board

that creates digital

music.
Electronic Camera
 It captures images in electronic form for
immediate viewing on a television or
computer display screen.

 It has two types:

 Still-Video
 Digital
Types of Electronic Cameras
 Still-Video Cameras
- are like camcorders,
however they capture

only a single video

image at a time.

-The pictures must be

converted by a video card
before they can be stored
in a computer.
-The picture resolution &
color range are limited.
Types of Electronic Cameras
 Digital Camera

- uses a light-sensitive silicon

chip to capture photographic
images in digital form.

- the bits of digital information

can then be copied right into a
computer’s hard disk for
manipulation & printing out.
Sensor
 It is a type of input device
that collects specific kinds
of data directly from the
environment & transmits
it to a computer.

 It can be used for

detecting all kinds of
things like speed,
movement, weight,
pressure, temperature,
humidity, wind, current,
fog, gas, etc.
Human-Biology Input Devices
 Characteristics & movements of the human
body, when interpreted by sensors, optical
scanners, voice recognition, & other
technologies, can become forms of input.

 Examples

 Biometric Systems
 Line-of-Sight Systems
 Cyber Gloves and Body Suits
Biometric Security Device

 It identifies a person through a fingerprint,

voice intonation, or other biological
characteristic.
Line-of-Sight System

 It enables a person to use his or her eyes

to point at the screen, a technology that
allows physically handicapped users to
direct a computer.
Cyber Gloves and Body Suits
 Special gloves & body suits, often used in
conjunction with virtual reality games, use
sensors to detect body movements.

 The data for these movements is sent to a

computer system.
END