Session 1

Form pairs
Each pair is expected to tell
something interesting, unique
or funny about your partners
name. Also has to point out
one very obvious negative
aspect of your partner.
Each person will get 30
seconds to speak.
Make proper use of the time.
This is known as WIAN
Knowing yourself
is the beginning of
all wisdom.

- Aristotle
SESSION 2
SPT
Session 3
SPT SCORES
Session 4
Session 5
PILLSBURY
In the early 1990s few formal channels of
communication were in place at Pillsbury.
When new management arrived and the
company was restructured, all that
changed. "We started a business focused
employee newspaper," said Lou de Ocejo,
human resources vice president. "We
started having CEO luncheons every
month, and communication meetings with
all functions at least once a quarter. We
tried to do a lot of things to tell people
what this new age at Pillsbury was all
about."
Most difficult, though, was getting
employees to talk back. Management
wanted to know what was going right and
what was going wrong. It wanted product
ideas and suggestions for improving
procedures. But employees in most
organizations are cautious, despite pep
talks from managers about how their
doors are always open.
Then Pillsbury installed a unique
feedback tool, a hotline called "InTouch."
This toll-free, third-party voice mail
service allows employees to leave
anonymous messages about any subject at
any time. At first employees were cynical,
but over time they began to respond.
More than 2,300 messages have now been
recorded. Employees reported such
problems as faulty work systems and
ineffective supervisors. But they also
provided many new product ideas and
cost-saving suggestions, such as
recommendations for pizza toppings and
ways to recycle surplus paper.

"Getting this feedback wasn't fun the first
time out, and sometimes it still isn't,"
reported Lou de Ocejo, "but the system
does just what we need it to do."
Employability
What is Employability?
Employability refers to a person's
capability of gaining initial
employment, maintaining
employment, and obtaining new
employment if required. In simple
terms, employability is about being
capable of getting and keeping
fulfilling work. More
comprehensively, employability is
the capability to move self-
sufficiently within the labour
market to realise potential through
sustainable employment.
For individuals, employability
depends on,
Knowledge
Skills
Attitudes
KSA's they possess, the way they
use those assets and present them
to employers, and the context
within which they seek work.
Employability is not just about
vocational and academic skills.
The reasons given by employers for not hiring
young people for entry-level jobs, includes:
Low grades and low levels of academic
accomplishments
Poor attitudes, lack of self-confidence
Lack of goals, poorly motivated
Lack of enthusiasm, lack of drive, little evidence of
leadership potential
Lack of preparation for the interview
Excessive interest in security and benefits,
unrealistic salary demands and expectations
Inadequate preparation for type of work,
inappropriate background
Lack of extracurricular activities
Inadequate basic skills (reading, writing, math)
In general, an ancient proverb says:

I hear and I forget
I see and I remember
I do and I understand
The 3D Approach
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Group
Teachers open
the door...
You enter by
yourself.

Says An Ancient Chinese Proverb
Business
Communication
- An Introduction
On further consideration, when two people speak with
each other, the following 4 types of messages can
be conveyed:
1. When I speak, I share a fact: INFORMATION
2. When I speak, I also say something about myself:
SELF REVELATION
3. When I speak, I tell the other person what I think of
him and how we relate to one another:
RELATIONSHIP
4. When I speak, I seek to have an influence on the
other: APPEAL
Similarly when we hear, we use the previously stated 4
types of analysis.
Peter Drucker in his foreword to a book on
communications states quite bluntly that poor
communications are a direct result of our
ignorance. He contends that we do not
know:
what to say;
when to say it;
how to say it; or
to whom to say it.
Communication is a two-way process in which
people transmit (send) and receive;
Cideas
Cinformation
Copinions
Cemotions
These must be interpreted and reacted on,
normally through feedback before the
communication process is completed.
In the world of business, the aim should be to
develop communication patterns, between
individuals and groups, that are;
Cmeaningful
Cdirect
COpen
Chonest
Learning to communicate more effectively is so
easy, yet so few bother to put in the time to
learn how.
It's not magic; it's not a 'black' art; it's not a gift
you are either born with or denied forever.
Definition
"Any act by which one person gives to or receives
from another person information about that
person's needs, desires, perceptions, knowledge,
or affective states. Communication may be
intentional or unintentional, may involve
conventional or unconventional signals, may take
linguistic or nonlinguistic forms, and may occur
through spoken or other modes."
George Vardman says purposive interchange,
resulting in workable understanding and
agreement between the sender and receiver of a
message.
Robert Anderson observes Communication is
Interchange of thoughts and opinions
information's, by speech, writing or sign
Keith Davis says The transfer of information and
understanding from one person to another
person. It is way of reaching others with facts,
ideas, thoughts and values. It is bridge of a
meanings among people so that they can share
what they feel and know. By using this bridge, a
person can cross safely the river of
misunderstanding that sometimes separates
people .
Communication is the chain of understanding
which permeates a business organization from
top to bottom, from bottom to top, & from side to
side, & which moves the Business organization
ahead towards its stated objectives.
Communication is the flow of material, information,
perception & understanding between various
parts & members of a business organization.
Effective communication needs to be built around
this simple foundation and realization:
communication is a dialogue, not a monologue.
In fact, communication is more concerned with a
dual listening process.
Importance
: "It is vital for the success of our
companies that businessmen and women
emerge as real leaders and demonstrate
their ability to communicate effectively,
internally and externally." Sir Colin
Marshall, chairman, British Airways
: "Communication in stressful change
situations requires sustained and
extensive interpretation and
reinforcement.
: Competent, high-trust firms are in a
position to communicate the same
basic messages to all levels, from
middle management to shop floor, with
nothing left out on the grounds that
those below would not understand it."
Tony Eccles, London Business School
: "No manager can be effective in his job
unless he is able to communicate. It is
the most essential single skill. I hope
that managers everywhere will seek to
improve their ability, for it is one that
can be learned." Sir John Harvey-
Jones, former chairman ICI and
renowned European 'troubleshooter'

-Managing is a complex process. It can
be described as the organisation of
capital, labour and material to achieve
production and distribution of particular
goods or services
-Communication skills are an important
aspect of effective management
-Communication is the system by which
operations are led and coordinated and
the results fed back
Session 6
OForecasting
+Determines organisational objectives
and policies
OPlanning
+Prepares programmes, procedures
and budgets
OOrganising
+Sets the organisational structure
OInstructing
+Provides the bedrock of organisation
performance


OCoordinating
+Ensures all efforts are directed
towards the organisational goals
OControlling
+checks the results, receives
feedback

The function of communication is to
define and support the action involved
in each of the above functions
A Business cannot exist without
communication.
Without communication Co-ordination
of work is impossible, co-operation
between workers is impossible.
Communication ensures security,
conformity to plans & the achievement
of productivity through policy
statements, procedures,& rules.
It helps in problem solving & change
thru such techniques as suggestion
systems & meetings.
Purpose
Communication serves two purposes in businesses,
Inform
Persuade
These are the two goals present in the mind of a
communicator.
Sometimes, only information is required to be
passed.
Sometimes, the goal is to persuade.
There are times when information and persuasion go
hand in hand.

Other Purposes
To develop information & understanding which are
necessary for group effort.
To provide an attitude which is necessary for
motivation, co-operation & job satisfaction.
To discourage the spread of misinformation,
rumors, gossip, & to release the emotional tensions
of workers.
To prepare workers for a change by giving them
the necessary information in advance.
To improve labor-management elations by keeping
both in contact with each other.
To encourage ideas, suggestions from subordinates
for an improvement in the product & work
conditions, for a reduction in time or cost involved
for the avoidance of the waste of raw material.
To satisfy the basic human needs like recognition,
self-importance & sense of participation.
To maintain social relations among the employees.

Source
As the source of the message, you need to be clear
about why you're communicating, and what you
want to communicate. You also need to be
confident that the information you're
communicating is useful and accurate.
Message
The message is the information that you want to
communicate.
Encoding
This is the process of transferring the information
you want to communicate into a form that can be
sent and correctly decoded at the other end. Your
success in encoding depends partly on your ability
to convey information clearly and simply, but also
on your ability to anticipate and eliminate sources
of confusion (for example, cultural issues,
mistaken assumptions, and missing information.) A
key part of this is knowing your audience: Failure
to understand who you are communicating with
will result in delivering messages that are
misunderstood.
Channel
Messages are conveyed through channels, with
verbal including face-to-face meetings, telephone
and videoconferencing; and written including
letters, emails, memos and reports.

Different channels have different strengths and
weaknesses. For example, it's not particularly
effective to give a long list of directions verbally,
while you'll quickly cause problems if you criticize
someone strongly by email.
Decoding
Just as successful encoding is a skill, so is
successful decoding (involving, for example, taking
the time to read a message carefully, or listen
actively to it.) Just as confusion can arise from
errors in encoding, it can also arise from decoding
errors. This is particularly the case if the decoder
doesn't have enough knowledge to understand the
message.
Receiver
Your message is delivered to individual members of
your audience. No doubt, you have in mind the
actions or reactions you hope your message will get
from this audience. Keep in mind, though, that
each of these individuals enters into the
communication process with ideas and feelings
that will undoubtedly influence their
understanding of your message, and their
response. To be a successful communicator, you
should consider these before delivering your
message, and act appropriately.
Feedback
Your audience will provide you with feedback,
verbal and nonverbal reactions to your
communicated message. Pay close attention to this
feedback, as it is the only thing that allows you to
be confident that your audience has understood
your message. If you find that there has been a
misunderstanding, at least you have the
opportunity to send the message a second time.
Context
The situation in which your message is delivered is
the context. This may include the surrounding
environment or broader culture (i.e. corporate
culture, international cultures, etc.).
An Alternative Model
Linear Process
Sender or
Instigator
Action
Media Receiver

Deadlines
E mail
Reads e
mail
Submissions
before
Deadline
Two Way Process
Sender or
Instigator
Action
Media Receiver

New Policy
News Bulletin
Reads
bulletin
React to the
Policy
Feedback
Communicate reaction to the Policy
Process
Source
creates
message
Sends message
Selects
channel
Receiver gets
message
Filters
Experience
Knowledge
Feelings
Interprets
message
Noise
Feed
back