EROSION AND DEPOSITION

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Erosio The break-up of n rocks by the action of

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rock particles being carried over the earths surface by waves, wind, and ice.

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Depositi Theon process by

which sediments are laid in new

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GRAVITY

Gravity pulls rocks and soil down slopes.

MASS WASTING Downward

motion of sediments caused by gravity. LANDSLIDE is the rumbling of soil, rocks, and boulders down a slope. MUDFLOW illustrates rapid mass 4/27/12

ROCK SLUMP third example of mass wasting. This happens when a rock resistant to weathering is over a layer of weak rock. EARTH FLOWS usually happen when heavy rain moves masses of soil and plants slowly down a slope. SOIL CREP slowest kind of mass 4/27/12

WIND
In deserts, beaches and plowed fields, the most active agent of erosion. Wind picks up and carries loose materials like sand,silt,clay and dust w/c are exposed on the

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RUNNING WATER
Major cause of erosion. It

un-off
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changes more of the earths surface than any other agent of erosion.

is the water that flows on t

rths surface after a rainfall

RILLS
Gravity makes water and sediments move down will, cut into the soil, and form many tiny grooves.

GULLIE S Act as channels for

run-off.
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HOW A RIVER SYSTEM DEVELOPS ?

As mentioned earlier, run-offs from rills. Rills deepen and widen to form gullies. Gullies join to form streams, streams join to form rivers. Rivers begin in mountains or hills. Gravity pulls water down and gives it energy to cut away land and form valleys. The network of rills, gullies, and streams that from a river is called a drainage system. How do the branches of a tree compare with drainage system? The head of a river is in a mountain; its end or mouth is a bigger river, lake or ocean. The head of the Pasig River is in the mountains of Laguna and Rizal, and its mouth is in Manila Bay. Its body flows from Laguna de Bay through Rizal Province, and Manila.
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CAGAYAN RIVER the longest river in the Philippines. Three Longest River on Earth ; Nile River in Africa Amazon River of South America Mississippi of North America

About 3/8 of the total rain that falls on land returns to the seas by stream run-off. It is the most important agent of erosion that reduces land areas to lower levels. About 36,800 cubic kilometers of water carried by streams supply energy for land erosion. The amount of run-off is determined by the slope of the river, porosity and degree of saturation of rocks, character and amount of vegetation, removal of forests, humidity of regions and dryness of the wind that blows.
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Life cycle of a river: Gradation

Methods of Stream Rivers remove products of weathering by Erosion

corrosion, and hydraulicking. By corrosion, river beds are worn off by impact and friction of silt, sand, gravel and boulders carried by rivers. They grind, rub and make rocks strike against rocks. By corrosion, river water dissolves minerals and carries these impurities that make them butter solvents. About 5 million metric tons of solid materials are carried into the sea. By hydraulicking, stream water scours out loose materials by currents passing over them, by the force of 4/27/12 collision of flowing water against a stream

Transportation By Running Water

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Source of Load

Load carried by melting glacial ice towards seas Dust and ashes thrown from volcanoes into air and fallen into rivers or carried by rivulets into them during rainfall collision of driftwood or blocks of ice on walls of channels, uprooted trees, animals and plants.

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Source of Load

Load carried by melting glacial ice towards seas

Dust and ashes thrown from volcanoes into air and fallen into rivers or carried by rivulets into them during rainfall collision of driftwood or blocks of ice on walls of channels, uprooted trees, animals and plants. 4/27/12

How Materials are Transported

Rivers transport their loads by pushing and dragging angular pieces Rolling rounded pebbles among their floors Carrying fine grains of sand, silt, and clay Dissolving and carrying solutions of soluble compounds.
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The greater the slope and amount of load, the greater the transporting power of streams. The greater the velocity, the greater the carrying power of water.

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Cycle of Stream Erosion

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Geomorphologies say that valleys and rivers may be classified as young, mature, and old. These describe the appearance and activities going on, not their actual ages. Some parts of rivers and valleys may be young, mature and old in term of age and activity. Steep sloped and narrow young valleys are found in upland regions occupying most of the area. Maturity means a balance of more 4/27/12

Old valleys are boarder and gentler, and high lands almost disappear; flat valleys and land dominate the region. Is your region young, mature or old?

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narrow, and deep streams that dissect the area. This upland area is dominantly flat or rolling and has very little slope. Many streams develop, new tributaries are added, gullies grow into brooks. The region is curved into hills, upland surface disappears, slope dominate,
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At old age, flat bottom lands dominate the area and hills become slightly rolling divides that separate the main stream. Occasional hard rocks stand out as small hills or monad rocks.
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Young valley
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Mature Valley
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Old Valley
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FEATURES Shape of crosssection Valley gradient Valley depth Velocity of flow Load Material transported Down cutting work Riverbed Nature of divide

YOUTH Torrent Stage V-shaped, deep, narrow steep Moderately steep and deep Rapid Very little Coarse and fine

MATURITY Valley Stage

OLD AGE Plain Stage

Open U-shaped Flat, with low broad, wellboundaries defined Gradual, uniform Deepest Slower Plenty Sand, silt, plenty Decreased Deepened High and narrow Wide, well developed Very low, wider Shallow Very slow, sluggish Very heavy Silt & solution pre-dominant Almost none, ended Raised Low and narrow Very wide, rejuvenated,

Fast Close to earths surface Wide, low to high None or just starting

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Flood plain

Course of channel

Straight

Meandering

Many meanders, oxbow lakes formed Receded, filled up Many on lowlands Few, large Deposition dominant Flattened Natural levees

Rapids, falls Number of lakes Tributaries Kind of erosion dominant Pot holes Main feature

Plenty Many on upland Few, small Vertical, downcutting prominent Plenty

Few left, worn away Few, if any Many Horizontal, lateral planation Filled up

Interlocking spurs River bends common, spurs removed Maximum for entire drainage system Minimum deposition Poorly developed Not adjusted Maximum for region of had waters Deposition at inside of curve Well drained, most efficient Well-adjusted

Relief

Low

Deposition by streams General drainage 4/27/12 Adjustment of

Deposition in channels and on levees Sluggish drainage Little affected by