Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Relationships of the
Mangyan Languages
R. David Zorc
Introduction:
Hanunoo
Buhid
Tadyawan
Alangan
Iraya
Zorcwas able to gather data on these
Languages during his fieldwork in the
central Philippines in 1972.
Tadyawan
Found in Naujan, Victoria, Socorro, Pola,
Gloria, Pinamalayan, and Bansud.
They practice “kaingin system”
Iraya
Found in Puerto Galera, San Teodoro and Baco
in Oriental Mindoro. And also found in Abra de
Ilog, Paluan, Mamburao, and Sta Cruz in
Occidental Mindoro.
It is described that the Iraya as having curly or
deep wavy hair and dark skin but not as dark as
that of the Negrito.
Ratagnon
Found in the southernmost part of the
municipality in Occidental Mindoro. The
language spoken by the Ratagnon is similar to
the Cuyunon, a Visayan Language spoken by
the inhabitants of Cuyo Islands in Northern
Palawan.
Principle of the paper:
1. One must have good criteria for sub
grouping languages before treating
features of those languages as common
innovations. Without such sub grouping,
there is no reason to expect that shared
features are not retentions from an early
protolanguage, rather than innovations of
a more immediate shared
mesolanguage, ancestor to just the
members of the posited group.
Lexicostatistical Evidence
Based on the Swadesh 100 meaning
List
Hanunoo
59 Buhid
46 41 Tadyawa
n
47 43 63 Alangan
41 37 47 66 Iraya
Points:
Han and Buh are closely related
TDY-ALN 49.7%
ALN-IRY 52.5%
Proto Mangyan
Hanunoic Irayic
(Southern Mangyan) (Northern Mangyan)
e.g.
A B C D
If we make a three-language comparison the
largest number of agreements is among the NM
group (TDY-ALN-IRY) all other configurations
have only one agreement.
e.g.
(TDY-ALN-IRY)
E-1 ‘fart’ (ALN) *baytuk (IRY, TDY) *baytek
E-2 ‘fire’ (ALN,TDY) *bayaq (IRY) *baya
E-3 ‘hot’ (ALN,IRY) *ma-qibeng (TDY)
maybeng
(HAN-BUH-TDY)
F-1 ‘right(side)’ (HAN) sikun (BUH) sihun
(TDY) tag-siken
(HAN-BUH-ALN)
None noted
(HAN-BUH-IRY)
F-2 ‘drown’ (HAN) na-limus (BUH) in-limas
(IRY) na-limes
(HAN-TDY-ALA)
None noted
(HAN-TDY-IRY)
F-3 “I will not!” (HAN, TDY,IRY) dayuq
(HAN-ALA-IRY)
None noted
(BUH-TDY-ALA)
None noted
(BUH-ALA-IRY)
0 3 7/4 2 5 # of
difference
s
Hanunoo seems to be the most
conservative language.
Alangan has also been conservative,
showing only an innovative –u in the third
person forms, possibly in the analogy of
the final u in the froms aku, kaqu, and
kamu.
HANUN BUHID TADYA ALANG IRAYA
OO WAN AN
1-sg Kangku Angku Kangay/ Kangay Naqay *kangku,
-yak kangay
2-sg knamu Hiamu Kamu/- Kaymu Kumu *kanmu,
mu kaymu
3-sg Kanya Hanya Kangen/- kansiyu kunin *kanya
ngen
1-pl kanmi Hiami Kanyam/- Kanyam Yamen *kanmi,
yam kanyam(e
n)
1+2-sg Kanta Kita/-ta Kanta Kita *kanta
Demonstrative Deictics
Locative deictics
Active
Passive
Local
Verb Inflection
Syntactic Paradigm
The most obvious agreement among
these languages in the word order which,
however, does not differ from that of other
Philippine languages. One striking
agreement is the use of *pag as a linking
participle at the clause level. At the phrase
level, Iraya differs in that ka is used as the
linker,while the others use *pag.
‘beautiful house’