SEMINAR

ON
ULTRA WIDE BAND
PRESENTED BY:
SUNITA KUMARI DASH,
REGN NO:0301106013,
7TH SEMISTER,
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.
 CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Development
 Working
 Functions of UWB
 Applications of UWB
 Advantages of UWB
 Disadvantages of UWB
 Future technology
 INTRODUCTION

• Governed by the FCC

• Definition: UWB is a modulated transmission
with:
– more than 20% fractional bandwidth

Or,
– at least 500 MHz of bandwidth.

• The UWB spectrum is between 3.1 and 10.6

GHz.
• Energy spectral density is limited to –41.3
dBm/MHz Bandwidth
INTRODUCTION(CONT.)
 Ultra Wideband is a means of transmitting
data that does not use an RF Carrier for its
signal.
 It uses short pulses often in the Pico second
(1/1000th of nanoseconds) range.
 FCC declares the transmission frequency
range of 3.1 to10.6 GHz with a minimum
spectral width of 500 MHz.
UWB communications
consists of very short pulses
(Picoseconds) transmitted
over a large spectrum at
once

Compared to
narrowband RF and
spread spectrum, UWB
uses extremely low
power, yet extremely
wide bandwidth
 Radio technology that modulates impulse based waveforms
instead of continuous carrier wave

Time-domain behavior Frequency-domain behavior

Communication
Ultrawideband

1 0 1
Impulse
Modulation

time 3 frequency 10 GHz

(FCC Min=500Mhz)
Communication
Narrowband

0 1 0 1

Frequency
Modulation
2.4 GHz
Theoretical Data Rates over
Range
 DEVELOPMENT
 It was first developed in the 1960s for the US
military.
 Invented by Dr. Gerald F. Ross (US), currently
President of ANRO Engineering.
 First demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing
UWB waveforms for radar and
communications applications.
 WORKING
 A traditional UWB transmitter works by
sending billions of pulses across a very
wide spectrum of frequencies several GHz
in bandwidth.
 Modern UWB systems use other modulation
techniques (OFDM).
 UWB's combination of broader spectrum and
lower power.
 UWB is essentially a time-domain concept in
which an extremely short RF pulse directly
generates a very wide instantaneous bandwidth
signal because of the time-scaling properties of
the Fourier transform relationship between time f
and frequency F:
 The performances of both types of systems
(whether spread spectrum or UWB) are
determined by the effective energy per
bit to noise spectral density ratio
Eb / No.
As No = kTeB,
where
k is Boltzmann's constant,
Te is the effective system noise
temperature
and B is the instantaneous bandwidth
 FUNCTIONS
 The pulses are called “shaped noise,”
because it is not flat but curves over the
spectrum.
 An important concept of UWB is that the
signal is a function of time, not frequency.
 In UWB systems each transmitter and
receiver pair is active only for a very short
period of time.
APPLICATION OF UWB
 UWB developments in the fields of
communication radar and localization were
demonstrated.
 Ultra Wideband (UWB) devices can be used for
precise measurement of distances or locations
and for obtaining the images of objects buried
under ground or behind surfaces.
 For short-range high-speed data transmissions
suitable for broadband access to the Internet
APPLICATION(CONT.)
 UWB allows high density band width
applications.
 UWB is also used for commercial
applications.
 UWB for range-finding applications.
 UWB for radar applications.
 UWB's first application is likely to be
equipment
linking personal entertainment systems.
 UWB uses far less power than Bluetooth
devices and sends vastly more data.
ULTRA WIDE BAND WIRE LESS
APPLICATIONS
 Highly secure short range radios (public
safety).
 Motion tracking and imaging radar.
 Wireless LANs, microphones.
 Automobile and aircraft proximity radar
 Subsurface in ground penetration radar
 Wireless multimedia work
UWB TO CHARGE CABLE TV
 Develop pulse link over wired media
 Effectively double the Band Width (CATV)
 Pulse-LINK said that using UWB in this
manner can enable such applications as
High Definition TV (HDTV), Video-on-
Demand (VoD), Interactive Television (ITV),
T-Commerce, Gaming, Voice over IP
(VoIP), and substantially increased Internet
bandwidth over cable
 RADAR APPLICATION
 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
applications
 COMMUNICATION
APPLICATION

 Transmission of very high data rates over

short distances without suffering the effects
of multipath interference.
 UWB communication devices could be
used to wirelessly distribute services such
as phone,cable, and computer networking
 WIRE LESS USB
 The First High-speed Personal Wireless
Interconnect.
 USB Promoter Group is defining the
Wireless USB specification as a high-speed
host-to device connection.
 Targeted bandwidth is 480 Mbps – plenty
fast for multimedia streaming and high
bandwidth data transfers.
 ULTRA WIDE BAND RADAR
SYSTEMS
 Include better spatial resolution, detectable
materials penetration, easier target
information recovery from reflected signals.
 UWB Transmitter
 UWB Antennas
 Features of UWB RADAR
• Wide Bandwidth
 IMPULSE RADIO

 Short range communications in dense multi path

environments.
 Communicate with very short duration pulses (ns).
 Solve difficult indoor mobile communication problems
is apparent because of its fine multipath resolution
capability.
 Due to its significant bandwidth, an impulse radio
based multiple access system may accommodate
many users, even in multi path environments
IMPULSE RADIO RECEIVER
SIGNAL PROCESSING
 ADVANTAGES
 It can transmit data at very high rate.
 Bandwidth is more (~ 1.5 GHz).
 Implemented in a carrier less fashion.
 ADVANTAGES
 Extremely difficult to intercept.
 UWB has the ability to transmit at higher data
rates than traditional wireless technologies.
 Minimizes interference to other services.
 Low cost.
 SPATIAL CAPACITY
 This measures the the amount of data delivered per
user in a given space.
 Example: early cell phones had a few towers and a lot
of power
 In 1976, NYC could only support 545 users

 By reducing power, tower spacing is reduced

 Denser tower spacing covers more users

 High capacity = more users, better served

Note: the following table is not corrected for MAC
overhead
Spatial capacity comparison between IEEE
802.11, Bluetooth*, and UWB
 Spatial Capacity Comparisons
Range area data capacity
Type
m m2 rate kbps/m2
BT 1.1 10 314 1M 3.2
802.11b 100 31416 11M 0.35
802.11g 100 31416 54M 1.72

802.11a 50 7854 54M 6.88

802.15.3 10 314 55M 175

Advantages over
implementation tech
BLUETHOOTH
UWB Transceiver architecture
RADIO
 DISADVANTAGES
 P=E02 4π R2 / η
 NPRM rules would limit UWB transmitted
power spectral density for frequencies greater
than 2GHz.
 GPS work at 1.2 to 1.5 GHz (NTIA).
Notice of Proposed Rule Making
(NPRM)
 Examples of UWB
developments
 Full duplex UWB handheld transceiver

 UWB ground wave communication systems

 UWB Tag & Tag reader (Vehicular Electronic

Tagging and Alert System)

 UWB wireless Intercom Communication

System
 CONCLUSION
The Future Belongs to the Unwired. Analysts
predict that in 2005 there will be over 80
million wireless LANs in use worldwide and
nearly 13 million wireless home networks in
the United States.Growing number of media-
intensive devices need a high-bandwidth
wireless solution for easy connection and
media exchange. The answer is
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology.
THANK YOU