MADE BY: HIBA TUN NOOR

The heart is a muscular organ with a circulatory system that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. The term cardiac means "related to the heart"
The heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an involuntary striated muscle tissue, and connective tissue. The average human heart, beating at 72 beats per minute Our heart is always working to pump blood to your entire body. Blood carries oxygen and other things that your body needs in order to do its work. Your heart needs a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood for itself as well. The blood vessels that supply blood to your heart muscle are called coronary arteries.

Angina is chest pain, tightness, or discomfort that comes and goes. It is your heart muscle's way of telling you that it is not getting enough oxygen. Angina can be relieved (helped) with rest, oxygen, or special medicine. Angina does not cause the heart muscle to die, like an MI does. However, angina can be a warning sign that you may be at risk for an MI.

Myocardial infarction (MI) commonly known as a heart attack, is the interruption of blood supply to a part of the heart, causing heart cells to die. This is most commonly due to occlusion (blockage) of a coronary artery following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is an unstable collection of lipids (fatty acids) and white blood cells in the wall of an artery. The resulting ischemia (restriction in blood supply) and oxygen shortage, if left untreated for a sufficient period of time, can cause damage or death (infarction) of heart muscle tissue (myocardium).

 STEMI.
NSTEMI

or ANGINA.

UNSTABLE

Classical symptoms of acute myocardial infarction include sudden chest pain (typically radiating to the neck jaw shoulder back or left arm), tightness or pressure , shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, sweating, and anxiety (often described as a sense of impending doom).Women may experience fewer typical symptoms than men, most commonly weakness, a feeling of indigestion, burning, and fatigue. Approximately one quarter of all myocardial infarctions are "silent", without chest pain or other symptoms.

high blood levels triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL), chronic kidney disease, excessive alcohol consumption, the abuse of certain drugs (such as methamphetamine), and chronic high stress levels

Certain things can increase your chance of having atherosclerosis and heart disease. The following are factors that may increase your risk of heart disease and having an MI: A family history of heart problems. Being overweight.

Being a female who smokes and takes birth control pills.

Being a female who has gone through the "change of life" (menopause).

Cocaine use. Diabetes.

High blood pressure.

High blood cholesterol or having too much fat in your diet.

Lack of exercise.
Being male. Older age (over 55). Smoking now or in the past, or being exposed to cigarette smoke regularly.

Some people may not have typical chest pain or pressure. Those most likely to have unusual symptoms when having an MI are women, and people who have diabetes. Their discomfort may be in an unusual place, such as the right arm or lower back. Sometimes symptoms like sweating, shortness of breath, dizziness, or nausea may be the only sign of a problem. Some people who are having an MI have no obvious symptoms at all. This is called a "silent" MI.

By chest X-ray.
E.C.G. Echocardiography.

By By

By blood or urine test. cardiac catheterization.

By

 Rest

or Nitroglycerine medication is taken in angina.

can be treated with medications.

NSTEMI STEMI

should be treated with thrombolysis or

PCI.
People

having multiple blockages , treated with CABG.