ENZYME

Characteristics of enzymes

• Protein in nature & will be denatured at high

temp.
• Biological catalysts. Speed up reactions without
being changed or used up.
• They are reusable.
• Action of enzymes are specific.
• Work best at a certain range of pH and
temperature.
 Characteristics of enzymes

enzyme
Biological A+B
catalyst C

r o t ein
pH P
Specificity
substrate substrate

active site

enzyme
 Action of enzyme
(Anabolic reaction)
enzyme-substrate enzyme-product
complex complex

substrate product

enzyme
enzyme
 Action of enzyme
(catabolic reaction)
enzyme-product enzyme-substrate
complex complex

products substrate

enzyme enzyme
 Lock and key hypothesis

product

Substrate
product

Enzyme
Lock and key hyphothesis

P E S
H A T
S N ’
D O H
T C
M A
Factors affecting enzyme action
Substrate concentration

Max. Rate
Rate of reaction

Substrate
conc.
Factors affecting enzyme action
Substrate concentration
Factors affecting enzyme action
Temperature
Rate of reaction

0 10 20 30 40 50 Temperature
（ OC ）
 Factors affecting enzyme action
Temperature

• Each enzyme works best at a particular

optimum temperature
temperature - _____________________.
• When temperature is lower than optimum
temperature, activity of enzyme become
lower At low temperature, enzymes
________.
inactive
become _____________. They become
active again
_________________ when the temperature
is raised.
 Factors affecting enzyme action
Temperature

• Above the optimum temperature, heat

shape of enzymes and their
changes the _______
active sites __________
_____________, decreases their
activities.
• When temperature is too high (above 60oC),
denatured
most enzymes are ____________, and lose
they catalytic property permanently.
Factors affecting enzyme action
pH
Rate of reaction

pH
Application of Enzymes

Washing Powder
SO Chi-shing
Curriculum Officer (Biology)

SCIENCE UNIT
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT