Changing Situation Of

Women Empowerment
And DeveIopment In
India
ln18CuuC1lCn
W 1he exLenL of empowermenL of
women ln Lhe naLlonal hlerarchy
ls deLermlned largely by Lhe Lhree
facLors her economlc soclal and
pollLlcal ldenLlLy and Lhelr
welghLage
Mean|ng of Women Lmpowerment
W Jomen LmpowermenL 8efers Lo
lncreaslng Lhe splrlLual pollLlcal
soclal or economlc sLrengLh of
lndlvldual and group of women
W ueveloplng confldence ln Lhelr own
9rocess of Lmpowerment
W Jomen empowermenL ls noL glvlng power Lo
women whlch already Lhey have buL lL
W Lncourages women Lo galn Lhe skllls and
knowledge LhaL wlll allow Lhem Lo overcome
obsLacles ln llfe or work envlronmenL and
ulLlmaLely help Lhem develop wlLhln
Lhemselves or ln Lhe socleLy
onst|tut|ona| prov|s|ons of Women
Lmpowerment
W rLlcle 14 Men and women Lo have equal
rlghLs and opporLunlLles ln Lhe pollLlcal
economlc and soclal spheres
W rLlcle 13(1) rohlblLs dlscrlmlnaLlon agalnsL
any clLlzen on Lhe grounds of rellglon race
casLe sex eLc
W rLlcle 13(3) Speclal provlslon enabllng Lhe
SLaLe Lo make afflrmaLlve dlscrlmlnaLlons ln
favour of women
W rLlcle 16 LquallLy of opporLunlLles ln
maLLer of publlc appolnLmenLs for all
clLlzens
W rLlcle 39(a) 1he SLaLe shall dlrecL lLs
pollcy Lowards securlng all clLlzens men
and women equally Lhe rlghL Lo means
of llvellhood
W rLlcle 39(d) Lqual pay for equal work
for boLh men and women
ConL
W rLlcle 42 1he SLaLe Lo make
provlslon for ensurlng [usL and
humane condlLlons of work and
maLernlLy rellef
W rLlcle 31 ()(e) 1o renounce Lhe
pracLlces derogaLory Lo Lhe dlgnlLy of
women
Ma|n 9rob|ems of Ind|an Women
W 1 ma|nutr|t|on
W 2 9oor nea|th
W 3 Materna| Morta||ty
W 4 Lack of Lducat|on
W S M|streatment
W 6 Cverworked
W 7 Lack of 9ower
ConLl
W Lar|y Marr|age
W 9 Dowry
W 10 Iema|e |nfant|c|de
W 11 D|vorce etc
Jomen SLaLlsLlcs
No oc|a| Ind|cator Ind|a Wor|d
1 Materna| Morta||ty kate]10000
L|ve 8|rths
S70 430
2 Infant Morta||ty kate]1000 L|ve
8|rths
73 60
3 Iema|e L|teracy kate(age) S 776
4 Iema|e choo| Lnro||ment 47 62
S 1ota| Iert|||ty kate 32 29
6 Women In Government (age) 6 7
Changlng slLuaLlon of Jomen
LmpowermenL
W Millennium Development Goals & W. E.
W 8 MDGs have been established in the millennium
Declaration at the General Assembly of UNs in the
year of 2000.
W MDG 3: Promote gender equality and empower
women;
W MDG 5: Improve maternal health;
10
th
I9 (200207) Women Lmpowerment
W Called for Lhe 3 pronged SLraLegy of
W 5ocio/ mpowerment
W conomic mpowerment
W rovldlng ender lustice Lo creaLe an
enabllng envlronmenL of poslLlve economlc
and soclal pollcles for women and ellmlnaLlng
all forms of dlscrlmlnaLlon agalnsL Lhem and
Lhus advance gender equallLy goals
oc|a| Lmpowerment
W 1o CreaLe an enabllng envlronmenL
for deve/opment of women
W rovldlng Lhem easy equal access
Lo o// the bosic minimum service
W 1o enable Lhem Lo reallze Lhelr full
potentio/
Lconom|c Lmpowerment
1o ensure provlslon of troininq
mp/oyment and lncome enerotion
octivities
Maklng all women economico//y
independent and se/f re/iont
Gender [ust|ce
1o e/iminote all forms of gender
discriminotion
1o Lnable women Lo en[oy noL only
de jure buL also de focto rlghLs
undomento/ freedoms with men ln
all spheres vlz pollLlcal soclal clvll
culLural eLc
Women ||teracy kate
NC LND 9LkLN1AGL
1 1947 00
1 1961 1S34
2 1971 2197
3 191 297S
4 1991 3929
S 2001 S416
6 2011 6S46
nea|th
W MaLernal MorLallLy 8aLe/ 10000 Llve 8lrLhs
LAk 9LkLN1AGL
1991 437
1998 407
2000 327
2002 301
2009 212
L|fe Lxpectancy
LAk 9LkLN1AGL
196171 406
198191 381
2001 649
1ota| Iert|||ty kate
LAk 9LkLN1AGL
193161 397
1997 33
2001 297
W lv prevalence among pregnanL women
W L aged 1324 years
W L aged 2349 years
LAk 9LkLN1AGL
2002 080
2003 088
LAk 9LkLN1AGL
2002 074
2003 086
Women Lmp|oyment] Lconom|c
Lmpowerment of Women
W ,ocro /eve/ women's represenLaLlon ln beLLer
remuneraLlon [obs represenLaLlon of women's
lnLeresLs ln macroeconomlc pollcles naLlonal
sLaLe
W ,esocommunity /eve/ ownershlp of asseLs
land access Lo credlL lnvolvemenL and/or
represenLaLlon ln local Lrade assoclaLlons
access Lo markeL
W ,icro house ho/d /eve/ women's contro| over
|ncome re|at|ve contr|but|on to fam||y support
access to and contro| of fam||y resources
W lndio hos l97 mi//ion workers
W 12l9 mi//ion ore women
W 10 mi//ion ore in ruro/ oreos
W 9 of women workers ore in unorqonited sector
W emo/e work porticipotion rote {wPk) hos increosed
from 197 in 1981 to 257 in 2001
W lo kotol oteos femole wlk locteoseJ
2J1 lo 1981 to J1 lo 2001
W lo utboo oteos lt bos beeo locteoseJ
ftom 8J lo 1981 to 116 lo 2001
W Larller women were bound Lo work ln homes
and klLchen works buL slowlyslowly women
are empowerlng or developlng ln Lerms of
economy
W 1hey are lnvolvlng ln s elf employmeot
Iobs ln organlzed unorganlzed secLor
9o||t|ca| 9art|c|pat|on
W Jomen are parLlclpaLlng from grass
rooL level ( vlllage anchayaL) as
vlllage leader Lo Lop level
(parllamenL) as Ms MLs
W lL lncreased from 43 ln 1932 Lo 23
40 ln 2001
Dec|s|on mak|ng power
W nlS ll had reporLed LhaL ln rural areas
women Lake 71 declslons regardlng
whaL lLem Lo cook"
W 26 declslons regardlng obLalnlng healLh
care
W 10 ln purchaslng [ewelry oLher house
hold lLems
e|f ne|p Groups (nGs)
W Ss have emerges as an lmporLanL
sLraLegy for empowerlng women and
allevlaLlng poverLy
W More LhaL 80 of Ss are
excluslvely for women
I|o|at|on Aga|nst Women
W nC88 records LhaL Lhe hlghesL
percenLage of crlme agalnsL women ls
torture l77 followed by mo/estotion
224 rope 118 kidnoppinq 88 and
immoro/ troffickinq l7 4 dowry
deoth and 5 eve teosinq were
recorded
Nat|ona| 9o||c|es for Women
W 1he naLlonal ollcy for LmpowermenL of Jomen
2001 has as lLs goal brlnglng abouL
W dvoncement
W ueve/opment
W mpowerment of women ln all spheres of llfe
W Cb[ect|ves of th|s po||cy |nc|udes
W 1o enable Lhem to teollze tbelt foll poteotlol
W 1he Je jote and Je focto en[oymenL of all
bomoo tlqbts and fooJomeotol fteeJoms by
women on equal basls wlLh men ln all spheres
pollLlcal economlc soclal and clvll
W Lqual access Lo porticipotion and decision
mokinq of women ln soclal pollLlcal and
economlc llfe of Lhe naLlon
W 5trenqtheninq legal sysLem almed aL
ellmlnaLlon of all forms of dlscrlmlnaLlon
agalnsL women
W ,oinstreominq a gender perspecLlve ln Lhe
developmenL process
chemes for Women Lmpowerment
W 1 lndiro ondhi ,otritvo 5ohyoq Yojono
{l,5Y)
W 2 kojeev ondhi 5cheme for mpowerment of
do/escent ir/s {k5)
W l 5cheme for workinq women hoste/
W 4 5hort 5toy home for women nd ir/s {55n)
W 5 5tree 5hokti Puroskoor
W qender 8udqetinq 5cheme
W 7 inoncio/ ssistonce 5upport 5ervices to
victims of kope 5cheme for kestorotive
justice
Acts for Women Lmpowerment
W 9rotect|on of Women from Domest|c
I|o|ence Act 200S (came |nto force on
26]06]2006)
W Dowry 9roh|b|t|on Act 1961
W Dowry 9roh|b|t|on ku|es
W 1he omm|ss|on of at| (9revent|on) Act and
ku|es
W Nat|ona| omm|ss|on for Women Act
onc|us|on
keferences
W Census of lndla 1991 2001 2011
W wwwwlklpedlaorg
W rLlcle wrlLLen by
rof nlrupama rakash lnsLlLuLe of 1echnology
Sclence lndla
W rupa[blLspllanlacln
9resented 8y
... ~..
MW 2
nd
ear
Dept Cf oc|a| Work
%.., .