SI 2008: Study of Wave Motion

July 19, 2008

Martin Bobb Joseph Marmerstein Feibi Yuan Caden Ohlwiler

Introduction

Goal -- Model Motion of Waves MATLAB -- Programming Application Method

Approximating the Wave Equation

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MATLAB
Software with simulation and visualization functions Matrix Laboratory
Uses matrices to perform complex calculations

Most of our group has limited programming experience

No previous MATLAB experience

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Wave Equation

This is a partial differential equation (college level math) Continuous

Approximated using the Finite Difference Method

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Boundary Conditions
Behavior at the edges of the simulation Fixed
Out of phase reflection

Free
In phase reflection

No-reflection boundaries are very difficult

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Two Dimensional Waves

Wave in x-y plane
Like the surface of a lake Third dimension represents wave height

Set conditions to represent air

Wave propagation speed Viscosity

Nyquist frequency
Highest frequency that can be resolved accurately Simulation must run at twice that 22100 Hz

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Initial Disturbances and Forcing Functions

Initial disturbance
One disturbance, dissipates over time (much like a shock wave)

Forcing Function
Continuous Output Similar to a speaker playing a single note Follows the path of a sine wave

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Initial Disturbance

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Forcing Function

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Viscosity
Viscosity
Measure of the resistance to motion from a fluid Adds a new term to wave equation
Makes the wave equation more realistic

Molasses vs. Water

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Low Viscosity

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High Viscosity

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Virtual Throat Simulation

Two walls, space in between Three microphones
Behind, inside and in front of the throat

Forcing function
20 Hz

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Virtual Throat Visualization

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Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs)

Fourier Transform
Mathematical method Takes a function in time and changes it to frequency components Shows the frequencies at which a system is responding

Fast Fourier Transform

Numerical method Computes the Fourier Transform quickly

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FFT On Microphone #1

Relative Magnitude

Frequency (Hz)
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FFT on Microphone #2

Relative Magnitude

Frequency (Hz)
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FFT on Microphone #3

Relative Magnitude

Frequency (Hz)
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Virtual Room Simulation

Based on geometry of BALE Gallery room Forcing Function of 110 Hz
A string on a guitar

Three microphones
Behind column, in front of column, behind speakers

Simulation was not entirely successful

Solution tends to ring

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Virtual Room Visualization

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Three Dimensional Waves

Volume divided into finite pieces Wave height represents compression instead of actual wave height Requires more computing power
Simulations take more time Can take hours

Waves dissipate much faster than in 2D

Forcing functions have a less noticeable effect

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Three Dimensional Visualization

Tried multiple techniques in MATLAB
Isosurfaces
Generates meshes at specific wave heights Did not provide relevant visual

Volume Rendering
Passes light through the simulation Used in 3D visualizations

Alpha mapping
Does not display wave heights close to zero Makes them transparent White space isnt necessarily motionless

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3D Waves from Single Initial Disturbance

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Corner Disturbance

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Conclusions
Learned about wave motion
Computer simulations are difficult to make exact Everything is approximated

Learned how to program in MATLAB

Learned about simulation and visualization

Learned how to use Linux

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Acknowledgments
Troy Baer -- Project Leader

Armen Ezekielian -- MATLAB support

Elaine Pritchard -- Food/snacks/organization Daniel & Brianna -- Dorm supervisors All the staff that gave presentations James Rader -- Gallery blueprints

Third-party MATLAB add-ons:

Blinkdagger.com positiveFFT function Mathworks.com -- vol3d function

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8 Disturbances

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3D Waves from Two Initial Disturbances

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Questions?

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