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How Soap is made Soap is made by mixing lye and water with fats or oil. Through a complex chemical reaction lye, which is also called sodium hydroxide, converts Fats or Oil to soap. This process is called saponification. How Soap Cleans Soap cleans by acting as an agent between water and dirt. Soap allows the water to wet the surface that is being cleaned better. In addition, soap grabs dirt and connects it to the water. Soap basically grabs dirt or grease and allows water in to wash it away. This may be an over simplification of the process but it is accurate. Soap does more than just clean. The soap you make using this online guide will contain at least 25% pure glycerin. Glycerin draws moisture to the skin, soothing and lubricating its cells. Most soap sold in stores has had its glycerin removed and sold back to the consumer in other skin care products. Also, most store soaps are actually petrochemical-based detergents, which are good cleansers but are harsh on the skin.
SOAP HISTORY
The First Soap It is recorded that the Babylonians were making soap around 2800 B.C. and that it was known to the Phoenicians around 600 B.C. The Romans and The Celts The first definite and tangible proofs of soap-making are found in the history of ancient Rome. Pliny, the Roman historian, described soap being made from goat's tallow and causticized wood ashes. Soap for personal cleansing became popular during the later centuries of the Roman era. Celts soaps were used for bathing and washing. Perhaps due to increased contact with the Celts by the Romans, using soap for personal cleaning became popular. Its traditional to make soap with olive oil in Jaens villages.
Ingredients
Olive Oil- Almost any natural oil or animal fat can be turned into soap, but Olive oil is the one with the highest quality Lye (NaOH - Sodium Hydroxide) - This is the ingredient that converts the oil or fat to soap. Water - Preferably distilled water or bottled water. Minerals in hard tap water aren't good for soapmaking. Essential and Fragrance Oils - Although not required, they can add a nice fragrance to your soap. Soap Colorants To color the soap. Chromotherapy! Other additives - Oatmeal, spices, herbs etc can also be added to soap at the trace stage.
SOAP RECIPIE
700 ml of Olive oil 250 g of Lye (NaOH - Potassium hydroxide) 1 litre of Water 250 g flour to thicken the mixture 1-3 drops of desired fragrance and / or desired color
Equipment Needed
Pair of safety goggles and a long sleeve shirt or coveralls. (Important) Pair of dish washing gloves. Half gallon Rubbermaid type pitchers (dishwasher safe) one for water, one for lye Sturdy plastic stirring spoons, one for oils, one for lye/water mix. Glass (not aluminum) candy thermometers. Large enameled or stainless pot to melt oils in. (Do not use aluminum pots, only stainless steel or enameled.) Old blanket, preferably wool. (For insulating molds after pouring) Kitchen food scale or postal scale. Molds Strong hands or Kitchen Blender. Your choice!
How-to Method
Step one - Prepare your molds. Molds can be anything from a greased pan to pie molds. Set up your molds on a flat and level surface and get as many as needed. Step Two - Measure out your water, flour and lye. a) Dissolve the correct amount of lye in one litre of water (Use stainless steel or glass container. Do not pour water into the lye. Pour the lye slowly into the water a little at a time. Stir until dissolved. Your previously cold water will become very HOT in seconds. b) After stirring the lye/water solution, let cool a bit and add the flour dissolved in the other litre of water carefully. The two solutions get mixed after dissolving each separtely.
How-to Method ii
Step Three - Measure and add the mix to the Olive Oil. Make sure the pot that the oil is in is large enough to hold the oil and lye solution with enough room left over for stirring without splattering. (You can use a separate container, but make sure the oil is put first!). Step Four - Pour the lye solution into the oil in a thin, steady, stream with slow, even stirring. Do not splatter the solution onto yourself or others. Continue stirring. The solution will begin to thicken or trace in any moment between 15 minutes to 3 hours. If you are using a slow trace recipe you may want to stir for a few minutes and then let the solution sit for 10-15 minutes and then repeat this process until a trace appears.
Hands on Task
OUR SOAP
Step Two - Carefully pour the oil and then the lye/water solution into the blender. Be careful not to splash or spill the lye on yourself or others.
Step Three - Lock the blender in position, secure the cover, place a towel over the top of the blender for safety, and process at the lowest possible speed. Make sure you are wearing your goggles when you process the soap mixture and make sure the towel is in place to avoid any accidental splashing of the lye/oil mixture.
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