Solar Photovoltaics

PREPARED BY : AZAD MUHAMED

Solar The Energy What Is It

conversion of sun light into a more useable form of energy Electricity Photo electric systems Thermal electric systems Lighting Direct use of light Thermal Building heating Distillate Fuels Bio conversion (photo synthesis)

Photo Electric Cells

P/N semiconductor junction Electron transport Light conversion Reflected Absorbed make electricity Visible light IR or UV

The Sun
The sun emits Light almost all of its energy in a range of wavelengths from about 2x10-7 to 4x10-6 meters Most in visible range Solar cells respond differently to the different wavelengths, or colors, of light.

System

Solar Panels
Solar energy panels are photovoltaic (PV) devices to produce electricity from sunlight. They are made of semiconductors, most commonly the semiconductor silicon. Solar Panels come in many sizes, colors, performance characteristics and brands. Certification and long time manufacturer warranty at wholesale prices. Generally available Panels from 10 watts to 225 watts of world's leading brands.

Solar panel

Maximum Power (Pmax) 40 watts Tolerance =10/-10% Maximum Power Voltage 17.4 volts Maximum Power Current 2.48 amps Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 21.7 volts Short Circuit Current (Isc) 2.65 amp Temp coefficient of Voc -0.37x102 A/C Temp coefficient of ISC 0.08x102 A/C NOC 47 C Max System Voltage 600 Volts Dimensions 20.5 - 25.5 - 1.4 (LxWxD - inches) Weight 12 lbs Cells - 32 Cell Technology - Polycrystalline Cell Shape - Rectangular Temperature Coefficient Power Pmax/C - minus 0.44%

Balance of System Components

Solar Batteries In order to provide uninterrupted power during power outages a battery back-up system is required in Solar Energy Systems. Battery back-up systems use deep cycle batteries that need very little or no maintenance. A controller is used to prevent the batteries from being overcharged or overly discharged.

Solar Batteries

Solar Charge Controllers

A Solar Charge Controller is a device that regulates the amount of current PV modules feed into a battery bank. Their main function is to prevent over - Charging of the batteries, but charge controllers also block the reverse current from a battery bank from leaking backwards into the photovoltaic array.

Solar Charge Controllers

Solar Inverters
An inverter takes current from batteries (DC) and turns it to alternating current (AC) to run any common loads. To determine the maximum power you require, and the size inverter you need, make a list of all the equipment you will run, and the amount of time it will be in use.

Solar Inverters

Types of inverter
Portable Inverters , Modified Sine wave Inverters, True Sine wave Inverters , Grid Tie Inverters, 3 Phase Inverters, Battery based inverters and custom power supplies inverters

Solar thermal collector

How to utilize

Advantages of solar power

You are able to produce solar power for your home through increasingly easier and cheaper methods related to this natural energy source. One of the main advantages of a solar power system for your home is the lack of pollution given off by solar panels when generating electricity. Another advantage of solar energy is that the energy source (the sun) is completely renewable unlike the source which is probably generating your current power supply . The initial investment of solar panels is quickly seen as a small price to pay when you realize the savings you could make over the coming months and years on your electricity bill. Solar energy not required any type of fuel un like (gas oil and coal). The saving are immediate and for many years to come.

Disadvantages of solar power

Solar power would only be viable with current technology as long as the sun's photon atoms can strike a solar panel directly. If there is no sun, there is simply no power. Some disadvantages of solar power are economic in nature. Solar panel require quite a large area for installation to achieve a good level of efficiency. The production of solar energy is influenced by the presence of clouds or pollution in the air. Similarly on night time no energy will be produced while you use battery as a backup.

Environmentally friendly
Solar energy is clean , renewable unlike gas, oil and coal.

It does not pollute any type of gas like CO2, NO2 SO2 or Hg Into the atmosphere.
Solar energy does not contribute any type of global warming acid rain and smog. It actively contributes to the decreases of the harmful green house gas emissions. It's generated where it is needed.

By not using any fuel therefore, the cost and problem of the recovery and transportation or the storage of radioactive waste.

Low/ no maintanance
Solar energy system are virtually maintenance free and will last for decades. Once installed there are no recurring costs They operate silently, the have no moving parts, do not release offensive smells and do not require you to add any fuel. More solar panel can easily be added in the future when your family needed grow.

THANK YOU