PILOT PROJECT FOR ENERGY AND MINING ECONOMIC BENEFICT FROM ASAL (DJIBOUTI) GEOTHERMAL AND MINERAL RESOURCES

Republic of Djibouti

INTRODUCTION
The policy of the Government is to provide assistance to any local and foreigner investors to obtain permits/concessions for geothermal and mining exploration and then to evaluate and to develop the potentiality of the geothermal and mineral resources of the country in general and particularly in Asal.
Commitment of the Government of Djibouti to promote the economical development of the Asal region Significant geothermal and mining resources indicators availability support theses objectives Pilot project proposal for geothermal and mining development for the new Asal development ple As a lot of effort and money has been spent on the geothermal exploration work qt Qsql Djibouti is interested to plan and build a pilot complex plant to provide electric power and water to the region. A pilot project could also be used as a tool to train local staff for larger geothermal plants

Republic of Djibouti

GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI

Area: 23 000 km Coast line: 370 km Annual mean rainfall: 150 mm Population: 600 000 (65 % in Djibouti) Urban population: 82 % Natural growth rate: 3 % Absolute poverty: 20 % GDP: 532.5 million $ Industry in GDP: 3.8 % Agriculture in GDP: 0.5 % Services in GDP: 80 % Electricity production: 260 GWh
INAKIR

ALOL

OBOCK
!

TADJOURAH ASAL
!

DJIBOUTI

ARTA GAGGADE

ABHE
! !

DIKHIL

ALI SABIEH

Energy production and new demands

300000
Energy production MWh

250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 1971

320
Electricity demand Gwh

Republic of Djibouti

Energy production 1971 - 2003

1975

1979

1983

1987

1991

1995

1999

2003
57 56 55
Peak demand Mw

310 300 290 280 270 260 250 2000

54 53 52 51 50 49 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 48 2006

Forecast of Electricity demand

Republic of Djibouti

Perspectives of new electricity demands

Projects Port and international free zone of Doral Asal economic zone Sea-water desalination plant for Djibouti city Cement and building material factories. Ali Saibeh Mining project in Gaggad Estimated total MW > 20 6 > 20 6 5 > 57

Afar Depression. Horn of Africa

Republic of Djibouti

GEOTHERMAL AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI

INAKIR

Republic of Djibouti

ALOL TAMATTAKO

# OBOCK #

ALFITA

Nth. GHOUBET ARTA # DJIBOUTI

GAGGADE

S. GHOUBHET

ABHE #

GEOTHERMAL HISTORY OF DJIBOUTI

Republic of Djibouti

The different geothermal programmes including field studies and exploration by drillings between 1970 and 1990, revealed the deep Asal geothermal reservoir with high salinity fluid and other potential geothermal areas. However, all these investigations did not allowed yet any exploitation of the geothermal energy. The history of geological, geophysical, drillings, and testings for the majority in the Asal area, confirm that the Asal geothermal resources are potential, with multiple reservoirs. Also, the previous studies and drillings in Asal, have recognized the presence of a shallow potential reservoir at a depth between 400 m and 600 m, with less salinity, and temperature between 130C and 180C. Some other places were investigated by geological and geological preliminary studies but no exploration drilling were realized up to now

Asal Geothermal area Republic of Djibouti

Republic of Djibouti

ASAL 5

ASAL 4

ASAL 6 ASAL 1 & 3

ASAL 2

Temperature profiles Asal geothermal area

Temprature C 0 0 100 200 300 400
Republic of Djibouti

500

Intermediate reservoir

Profondeur m

1000

1500

2000

ASAL3 ASAL4 ASAL5 ASAL6

2500

40 60 80 100 section 200 Interpretative 120 140 160 180accross the 0 Tem perature C Asal rift Geothermal area 100

40 0

60

80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature C
100

ASAL 1, 3, 6
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

ASAL4

Republic of Djibouti
200 300

ASAL 5

Asal series
400 500 600 700

Stratoid series
800

Dalha basalts
Depth m

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

1316 m Alluviums Clays Hyaloclastites Rhyolites Basalts Trachytes

500 m

2013 m

1600

Depth m

2105 m

ASAL-GOUBHET DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

! ! !

Republic of Djibouti
!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! !

! !

"
!

TADJOURAH

S Au Au

! ! !

Geoth
Au P
!

DJIBOUTI
"
! !

Dock

"

ARTA
! !

Geothermal well ASAL1 chemical analysis

Republic of Djibouti

Fluid analysis ppm ppb

Cl 78 100

Mg 24

Mn 115

Fe 10

Ni 5

Cu 112

Pb

Zn

1 070 34 000

Scree deposits analysis

Screen diameter Position on screen Wellhead P (atm) 15 downstream 3" upstream 12.5 downstream 206 11.9 8.5 downstream 5" upstream 5.8 180 27.5 0.5 11.2 7.32 9.41 0.52 8.8 4400 188 29.9 58.4 0.48 2.19 12.3 0.33 0.9 4.61 13.1 0.56 0.37 10.4 6.18 640 2800 T (C) 210 3.8 25.1 81.3 19.4 0.027 1.74 0.0141 0.3 1.68 12 0.47 0.66 11.7 4.12 167 425 SiO2 Pb Zn % Cu Fe Ag S ppm Cd

2"

upstream

13.8

56

0.045

0.0115

0.45

8.75

104

4"

upstream

downstream

42.5

0.27

1.55

0.42

14.4

0.0397

572

Preliminary data on gold in Southwestern area of Asal

Construction plan for the Dock in Goubet

SCOPE OF WORK
Shallow reservoir Review of geophysical and geological data available Drill 5 new wells up to 600 m Testing and analysis of fluid, reservoir engineering and modeling Environmental impact assessment Deep reservoir Review the status of A3 and A6 wells Clean the wells and equipments Do the necessary work in case of obstruction Put into production the productive wells Carry out new testing and analysis of the fluid Perform technology study of recovering mineral resources Seismic risk study EIA Development of 5 10 MW Pilot Plant for both reservoirs Feasibility study and design of the power plant Local distribution line study

Republic of Djibouti

CONCLUSIONS
Republic of Djibouti

It is clear that energy is considered as the key, the motor and the base of all economical, social well-being and development for any country of the world. The availability and access to sufficient low cost energy contribute largely to the economic growth, the reinforcement of the competitiveness of the country, the upgrading of the daily life of the population and, of course, the reduction of the poverty. With the creation of an economic pool in Asal, there will be growing market demand for power to provide all business services associated with the establishment of different mineral plants and water desalination units as well as tourism activities. Lake Asal has a high potential for tourism. By this pilot project, the government policy is to initiate: The development of Assal naturals resources, The production of electricity from existing geothermal sources, The recovery of minerals from geothermal fluid, The provision of the necessary base infrastructures which facilitate the exploitation of other mineral resource of the region, The demonstration to the international private sector that Assal geothermal and mineral resources are attractive and constitute real, profitable business opportunities for investment.