SUCCESS POINT SCIENCE ACADEMY,

BHAKTI DHAM ROAD , CHANDUR BAZAR

1. Dividend = Divisor x Quotient + Remainder 0 < Remainder < Divisor

If Remainder = 0
Then Dividend is completely divisible by Divisor. 2. a = b x k + c , 0<c<b

3. If c = 0, a = b x k then a is completely divisible by b and k.

3. This means b and k are divisors of a.

Prime Numbers Definition: If number other than 1 is divisible by 1 and the number itself then the number is called Prime number. If b and k are prime numbers then b and k are prime factors of a. e.g. 210 = 2 x 3 x 5 x 7

2, 3, 5, 7 are the prime divisors of given number. If x and y both are divisible by c then x + y and x y are also divisible by c.

Tests of divisibility
Divisibility test of 2, 4, 8: Consider number abcd where a, b, c, d are digits. Thousandth Hundredth Tenth Unit a + b 100b c + 10c d + d

1000a

Divisibility by 2, 4, 8
If a number ends in a 0 or in an even number such as 2,4,6 or 8, then it is divisible by 2. If a number ends in two zeros, or if the number formed by the tens and ones digit is divisible by 4, then the number is divisible by 4.

If a number ends in three zeros, or if the number formed by the hundreds, tens and ones digit is divisible by 8, then the number is divisible by 8.

Divisibility Test of 3 and 9 Thousandth Hundredth Tenth a + b 100b c + 10c + (9+1)c + + Unit d d d

1000a (999+1)a

+ (99+1)b

999a + 99b + 9c + (a + b + c + d)

Divisibility test of 3 and 9

If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by 3, the number is divisible by 3. If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by 9 , the divisible by 9.

Divisibility test of 11

1000000a + 100000b+ 10000c+ 1000d +100e+ 10f + g

(90909 x11+ 1)a + (909 x 11 + 11 -1)b + (909 x 11 + 1)c + (90 x 11 + 11 1)d + (9 x 11 +1)e + (11 -1)f +g (90909 x 11) a +a + (909 x11 +11)b b + (909 x11)c +c + (90 x 11 +11)d d + (9 x 11)e + e + 11f f +g

= (90909)a + (909 x 11)b x (909 x 11)c + (90 x11 +11)d + (9x 11)e + 11f + (a b + c d + e f + g) = (90909)a + (909 x 11)b x (909 x 11)c + (90 x11 +11)d + (9x 11)e + 11f + [ a + c + e + g b d f ]

Here a, c, e, g are digits at odd places and b, d, f are digits at even place.

Divisibility test of 11
If the difference between the sum of digits in the odd number places (starting from the units place) and the sum of digits in the even-numbered places is either 0 or a multiple of 11, then number is divisible by 11.

Problems 1. Test whether the given numbers are divisible by number 3,6,9 and 11.

2. 7 * 6 * 8 is divisible by 11 then find numbers at *. 3. How much minimum number should be subtracted from 8513 so that remaining number will be divisible by 9?

Divisibility test of 7
Consider three digit number abc. 100a + 10b + c = (14 x 7 + 2)a + 10b + c

= 14 x 7 x a + 2a + 10b +c In number abc, there are a times 100.

Test: Sum of twice of number of hundreds and number formed by remaining digits is divisible by 7 then the number is divisible by 7. e.g. consider numbers 819, 42875 and 11482.

Divisibility test of 17
Consider a three digit number abc. 100a +10b + c = (17 x 6 -2)a +10b + c = 17x 6 x a 2 x a +10b + c

Test: If 2 times number of hundreds subtracted from number formed by remaining digits, if this difference is divisible by 17 then the original number is divisible by 17. e.g. 31569

Divisibility test of 13
Consider three digit number bcd. 100b + 10c + d = (113 x 8 4)b + 10c +d = (113 x 8 x b) - 4b + 10c + d

Test: If difference obtained by subtracting four times number of hundreds from two digit number is divisible by 13 then the number is divisible by 13. e.g. 5369

Problem :

Using 9 digits from 0 to 9, form smallest 9 digit number divisible by 11. Also find greatest 9 digit number divisible by 11.

Solution: 1) 9 is greatest digit therefore using digit 0 to 8 we can form smallest number as 102345678. Apply divisibility test of 11 8 + 6 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 21 0 + 3 +5 +7 = 15 Thus decrease 21 by 3 and increase 15 by 3 To satisfy test of 11 replace 5678 from above number by 7586.

Answer

102347586

2. For greatest number neglect digit 0. 987654321 9 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 1 = 25 and 8 + 6 + 4 + 2 = 20 To 25 - 20 = 5 to make this difference 0 or multiple of 11 increase 25 by 3 and decrease 20 by 3 therefore 28 17 =11 .

To adjust this replace 4321 by 2413.

Ans. 987652413

SUCCESS POINT SCIENCE ACADEMY,

BHAKTI DHAM ROAD ,CHANDUR BAZAR DI- AMRAVATI