WHAT 8 MOTVATON?

According to McClelland (1987)

"Motivation has to do with the of behavior as contrasted
with how or what of behavior. He also gives an operational
definition of motivation. He says, "motive is recurrent concern
for a goal state based on natural incentive. t is a concern
that energizes, orients, and selects behavior. This definition
emphasizes :
Motives imply a concern about a goal state.
Motives are recurrent until the goal is reached.
Goal states are associated with natural incentives i.e. things
or events which pull an organism naturally towards
themselves.
Motives provide activation or energy
Motive provide direction. They make us approach or avoid
goal states
Motives select behavior i.e. they lead to learning of
responses
ey elements of Motivation
ntensity : how hard a person tries
Direction : toward beneficial goal
Persistence : how long a person tries
Direction
Persistence
Intensity
Types of Motivation
Extrinsic-trinsic motivation comes from
outside of the individual. Competition is in
general extrinsic because it encourages the
performer to win and beat others, not to enjoy
the intrinsic rewards of the activity.
ntrinsic-Intrinsic motivation refers to
motivation that is driven by an interest or
enjoyment in the task itself, and exists within
the individual rather than relying on any
external pressure.
Characteristics of Motivation
NFERRED VARABLE
PHYSOLOGCAL FACTOR
ENVRONMENTAL FACTOR
MOTVES MAY BE CONSCOUS OR
UNCONSCOUS
UNVERSAL VARABLE
assification of Motives
8lMA8? C8
8lCLCClCAL
MC1lvLS
lndlvldual
survlval
Survlval of
Lhe specles
SLCCnuA8? C8
ACCul8Lu
MC1lvLS
sychologlcal
MoLlves
Soclal
MoLlves
Primary or Biological Motive
Motives that are necessary for individua
series
Hunger
Thirst
The need to breathe
Need to eliminate
The need to sleep
Need for avoidance of pain
Need for homeostasis
Primary or Biological motives
Biological motives important for the survival of
species
Sex
Maternal instinct
nstinctive behavior
$econdary or Acquired motives
sycho|og|ca| mot|ves
ewin-
a)ncentives
b)nowledge of results
c)Psychological disequilibrium
Masow
earning theorists
a)Drive to escape negative stimuli
b)Curiosity and desire for new experiences
$econdary or Acquired motives
$ocia Motives
Mastery
a)Need for achievement
b)Need for power
Aggression
a)Hostile aggression
b)nstrumental aggression
Dependency
affiiation
nowlng ls noL enough
we musL apply
Wllllng ls noL enough
we musL do
THANK YOU
Su8Ml11Lu 8? Su8Ml11Lu 1C
nAnl MAA8 CLL1A 8AnSAL
1
sL
year reLall ulAMS(pu) C8