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Scientist Schreiner, shorey & coworkers, 1908 1930 Contribution 40 different chemically individual compounds of organic nature sterols, fats, org N P cpds HS not specific substances Shmuk, 1924 Specific reserve of organic substances in the soil overlooked soils studied have low humus content not typical of majority soils Oden, 1912, Identified Humus Coal, FA, HA & 14 , 19 Hymatomelanic acid
Fulvic acid
Humic acid in the water extracts with Calcium Carbonat e in the Lime
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Contribution
Dark Brown to Black colour, insoluble in alcohol soluble in alkali, eq. wt 340 58% C Light coloured than HA, Similar to Ulmic acid, Chocolate Brown, soluble in alcohol, eq.wt.250 and 62% C FA not analogous to CA & ACA UA not identical to Hymatomelanic acid HS classification based on solubility provisional
Hymatomelanic Acid
Misconceptions of Oden
Doyarenko, Protein nature of N fraction of 1901 HA was established Suzuki, 1906 08 Jodidi, 1910 13 Kelly, 1914
Sestini, 1902 HA condensation products of N cpds of polypeptide type Aromatic nature established
N, constituent and not contaminant of HA secondary origin source being microbial plasma
products
was
2. Various plant materials during complex biochemical transformations served as source for HS
3. Kostychevs ideas that products of bacterial synthesis were involved in the formation of HS was confirmed
4. HS were considered to be a product of a two stage process Decomposition of original plant residues into simpler compounds and subsequent synthesis of complex HS
5. HA condensation products of aromatic nature with N containing organic cpds 6. Enzymatic activity of microbes was involved not only during decomposition of plant residues but
also during synthesis of HS
2. Fischer and Schrader (1922) obtained HS by reacting lignin with alkali in autoclave Unconvincing since experimental conditions are quite different from natural conditions
3. Nature of cpds participating in the synthesis of HS and exact mechanism of humus formation remain obscur