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Magnetic Circuits
Magnetic Circuits
Objective: Magnetic flux Magnetic flux density Magneto motive force Magnetic field intensity Permeability Reluctance
Introduction
Magnetism is an integral part of almost every electrical device used today in industry, research, or the home. Generators, motors, transformers, circuit breakers, televisions, computers, tape recorders and telephones all employ magnetic effects to perform a variety of important tasks.
Magnetic Fields
In the region surrounding a permanent
magnet there exists a magnetic field, which can be represented by magnetic flux lines similar to electric flux lines. Magnetic flux lines differ from electric flux lines in that they dont have an origin or termination point. Magnetic flux lines radiate from the north pole to the south pole through the magnetic bar.
Magnetic Circuits
Magnetic circuits
Magnetic circuit is the path followed by magnetic flux Magnetic flux follows a complete loop
Magnetic Circuits
Classification of Magnetic circuits Simple magnetic circuits Composite magnetic circuits
Series Parallel
Electromagnetic Induction
Objective
Laws of Electromagnetic Induction Concept of Induced emf
Dynamically induced emf Statically Induced emf
Self inductance Mutual inductance
Electromagnetic Induction
Laws of Electromagnetic Induction FARADAYS LAW LENZS LAW
Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday discovered that a changing magnetic flux leads to a voltage in a wire loop
Induced voltage (emf) causes a current to flow !!
Symmetry:
electricity
magnetism
magnetic field electric current
Current
Faradays Law
B, H
Fmagnetic = total magnetic flux = B.ds VLOOP = -E.dl Faradays Law : Rate of change of magnetic flux through a loop = emf (voltage) around the loop
Lenzs Law
B, H
Iinduced V-, V+
Lenzs Law emf appears and current flows that creates a magnetic field that opposes the change in this case an increase hence the negative sign in Faradays Law.
Lenzs Law
B, H
Iinduced V+, V-
Lenzs Law emf appears and current flows that creates a magnetic field that opposes the change in this case an decrease hence the negative sign in Faradays Law. Lenzs law results from energy conservation principle.
Minus sign from Lenzs Law: Induced current produces a magnetic field which opposes the original change in flux
Electromagnetic Induction
Fleming's left-hand rule (for motors), and Fleming's right-hand rule (for generators)
Induced EMF
Dynamically Induced EMF
Induced EMF
Statically induced emf
Conductor remains stationary and flux linked with it is changed (the current which creates the flux changes i.e increases or decreases) TYPES Self induced Mutually induced
SELF Inductance
Take a circuit Pass a current through it Magnetic field is created (Ampere) This field passes through the circuit
If the magnetic field is time-varying, it induces an emf and thus a current in the circuit. This emf opposes the change in magnetic field that caused it and thus induces a current in the opposite direction from the current that caused the magnetic field in the first place! This is (self-) It depends upon the geometry of the circuit and what it contains (bits of iron?).
inductance
Self - Inductance
Consider a single isolated coil: Current (red) starts to flow clockwise due to the battery But the buildup of current leads to changing flux in loop Induced emf (green) opposes the change This is a self-induced emf (also called back emf) dF dI N L induced dt dt
emf
Mutual Inductance
Take a circuit Pass a current through it Magnetic field is created (Ampere) Put another circuit nearby If the induced magnetic field changes in time, Faradays Law causes an emf and current to appear This is Magnetic Inductance and the Mutual Inductance between two circuits expresses the strength with which they couple inductively. It can be used to signal to/from (and provide power for) remote circuits, or circuits embedded in (say) the body.