 The eye is a sense organ, a

receptor to changes in the

surrounding.

 It reacts to the stimuli and

informing the respective
structure to make proper
adjustment.
 The eye lies in the orbit of
the skull. It is attached to the
eye socket by six eye
muscles, which enable the
eyeball to rotate without
moving the head.
Front view of the eye
Vertical section of the eye
Photoreceptors

 Rods

χ Contain Visual Purple:

χ Pigment for vision in dim light
χ Light causes bleaching of visual
purple
χ In bright light, all the visual
purple is bleached.
χ When a person enters a dark place
from a bright one, time is needed for
the visual purple to be formed again
in the rods (requiring the use of
Vitamin A). Hence, a person cannot
see immediately entering the dark
room.

χ Deficiency in Vitamin A is unable to

see in dim light, night blindness.
 Cones

χ Less sensitive to light than rods and

so are inefficient in dim light
χ Concerned with bright light and color
vision
χ 3 different cones: red, blue and
green
χ Different pigments in each cone
absorb light of different wavelengths
χ 3 cones together allow light of
different color to be seen (spectrum)
We see light in the following
way:
 Reflected light rays from an object
enters the eye through the pupil
 The rays are refracted by the cornea,
aqueous humour, lens and vitreous
humour to focus on the retina
 The lens makes the fine bending
adjustments needed to focus the
rays
 An image (real, diminished and
inverted) of the object is formed on
the retina
 Stimulates the photoreceptors to
generate impulses that travel to the
brain via the optic nerves
 The brain interprets the impulses
and we see the object as it really is,
the right way up
Stereoscopic Vision
 2 eyes with field that overlay.
 2 eyes can focus on the same
object.
 Each eye sees a
slightly image but
he brain is able to
interpret the images
and allow us to see
a 3D object.

 Gives us the
perception of size,
depth and distance.
Controlling the entry of light into
the eye
 The Human eye works very
much like the photographic
camera.

 Name the similarities and

differences:
Focusing or
accommodation
 Focusing or accommodation is the
adjustment of the lens of the eye so
that clear image of objects at
different distances is formed on the
retina.
 Near Point is the point where the
object is so close the eye that the
ciliary muscle contracts fully, lens
becomes most convex.
 Any nearer, the object is blurred, as
the lens cannot be further adjusted.