Communication Style of Communication 7Cs of Communication Non-Verbal Communication What is Language Language Skills Barriers in Communication Tips on Effective

Communication

In broadest sense communication includes all methods of conveying any kind of thought or feeling to other people or of receiving expressions of thought or feeling from others
Howard H. Dean

The word communication originates from

Latin word communis means common.

It

is an act by which a person shares the knowledge, feelings, ideas, information etc., that each gains a common understanding of the meaning, interest, and the message.

SENDER >

Environment
Message
ENCODE CHANNEL DECODE

DECODE

CHANNEL

Message
ENCODE
<

FEED BACK

Verbal Communication

Non-Verbal Communication

1.Clarity: A message must be as straight forward and

as logically stated as possible.

2. Completeness: A message must be complete in

all respects (if written) while trying to simplify and clarify, we, fall into the trap of incompleteness.

3. Conciseness: A message must be concise, but

not incomplete.

4.Concreteness:

The communicator should avoid pushing real things into abstract.

5. Correctness:
Only correct message should be communicated appropriately.

6. Consideration:
7- Courtesy:

Focus on YOU instead of I or WE.

use expression that show respect, choose nondiscriminatory expressions.

It includes: 1.Facial expression: A smile, a frown , fear etc. 2. Body contact: Hand shake, arms around shoulder. 3. Gestures: Movement of hands and body to help to explain or emphasize our verbal message, head gestures,

hands clenched together, hand-to-face gesture, boredom, evaluation, chin stroke, folded arms. 4. Body posture: How we stand or sit.

5. Head nods: and head positions.

6. Orientation:Whether we face other person or turn away 7. Eye contact: Eye to eye gaze 8. Proximity: The distance we stand or sit from a person 9. Appearance: Dress and grooming 10. Non-verbal: Aspect of speech - tone and pitch of voice 11. Finger spelling and sign language

 Source

of communication System of use of words of a particular community Use of words in an agreed way

systematic use of communicating by the use of sounds or conversation symbols. Professional use of specialized vocabulary.

To command

Source of Communication

Transfer experience/ Information/ knowledge

To show skills/ competence

LANGUAGE

To share sorrow /happiness

To connect people Source of Social development

Expression of feelings/ideas/ advice/ suggestion

Listening Skills Speaking Skills Reading Skills Writing Skills

Writing 9%

Reading 16 %

Speaking 30 %

Listening 45 %

Maxim of quantity Maxim of quality Maxim of manner Maxim of relevance

With courtesy: Paul Grice

Be brief Be short Be concise

Brevity is the soul of wit (Shakespeare)

Maxim of quality
Be truthful Be simple

It is not the amount of language but the content of communication that makes the difference.

Be clear Be orderly

Its not what you say its how you say it.

Maxim of relevance
Use appropriate words Be correct.

Words and hearts are two things in the world which should be handled with care because words when spoken and hearts when broken are difficult to repair.

Ways to increase vocabulary

T R U T H Talk to all sorts of people Read better magazines and books Use the Dictionary Track down new words Hear good speakers

Fluency + Accuracy = Linguistic Competence

Non Phonetic English

Cough Women F I

G H O T I

Nation

S H

IPA International Phonetic Alphabets 24 Consonants 20 Vowels Phonetic Transcription Voiced and Voiceless Sounds t, p , k , s , f
d, b ,g , z , v

Common Difficulties in English Unusual spellings

Indict, Victual, Pizza

Silent Partners
Aisle, Island, Tsunami, Pneumonia, Knock, Car park

Sound Swallowing
Federal

L1 Interference

Democracy, Student, Government

Allophones & Diphthongs

tin, little, fat, go

Tedious Articulation

v, w

English is stress-timed language and not a syllable-timed language Photography, Interrogative, Polygamy
Intonation: Rise and Fall of voice (mood)

Environment:
Noise causes distraction & distorts or obscures the meaning. Heat, cold, ventilation, interruptions are other barriers.
Inability to understand Facial expression, Gestures, Appearance, Intonation, Distance, etc.

Non-verbal Communication:

Words Age,

people.

mean different things to different

cultural background & education also influence language of a person.

Limited vocabulary, accent, verbal noises are

also the barriers in communication process.

Language

Words are not reality. Words as the sender understands them are combined with the perceptions of those words by the receiver. Language represents only part of the whole. We fill in the rest with perceptions Being "foreign" is not limited to the language of another country. It can be the language of another social group
The Silver Fish The green goose may be a trailer painted red long after it was given the name green goose A brassy day may say much about temperature and little about color

Muddled messages

Contrast these two messages: "Please be here about 7:00 tomorrow morning." "Please be here at 7:00 tomorrow morning." The one word difference makes the first message muddled and the second message clear Clarifying messages is the responsibility of the sender The sender hoping the receiver will figure out the message does little to remove this barrier to communication

Sometimes we see only what we want to see If we like people, we accept what they say
Other
barriers include the opposite gender, shyness, lack of confidence, and state of mind

People as individuals. No two people are the same

There may be variation in cultural background There may be variation in educational background

Factors affecting Communication

Conventions of meaning Perception of reality Values, attitudes, and opinions

Wrong Channel

Variation of channels helps the receiver understand the nature and importance of a message Immediacy of action to be taken from the message
A written disciplinary warning for tardiness emphasizes to the employee that the problem is serious A birthday card to an employee is more effective than to say "Happy Birthday"

In choice of a channel, the sender needs to be sensitive to such things as the complexity of the message
good morning versus a construction contract instructions for this morning's work versus a plan of work for 1994

Lack of Feedback

Without feedback, communication is oneway Feedback may be as subtle as a stare, a puzzled look, a nod, or failure to ask any questions after complicated instructions have been given

Feedback should be helpful rather than hurtful

Poor Listening Skills

A typical speaker says about 125 words per minute. The typical listener can receive 400-600 words per minute. Thus, about 75% of listening time is free time which sidetracks the listener.
One important listening skill is to be prepared to listen. Search for meaning in what the person is saying. Providing feedback is the most important active listening skill. Ask questions, nod in agreement, look the person straight in the eye, lean forward, etc.

Getting angry with an angry person only assures that there are now two people not listening to what the other is saying.

Learn to analyze the purpose of communication and how to adapt it to a particular audience on a specific occasion.
Learn to develop your ideas more effectively by using sound thinking in supporting ideas and arranging them. Practice what you have learned to increase the ease and effectiveness of expression.

Develop right attitude

Prepare Adequately
Careful and sound judgment of ideas Appropriate use of language Knowledge of cultural conventions audience

of

your

Communications should be clear, complete, concise, concrete, correct, coherent, and courteous.

Thank You