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BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-05
BnR-Peng.Manajemen-Chap-05
Figure 2.1
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Scientific Management
Defined by Frederick Taylor in the late 1800s Wanted to replace rule of thumb Sought to reduce the time a worker spent on each task by optimizing the way the task was done.
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Figure 2.2
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Behavioral Management
Mary Parker Follett Concerned that Taylor ignored the human side of the organization
Suggested workers help in analyzing their jobs If workers have relevant knowledge of the task, then they should control the task
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Contingency Theory
There is no one best way to organize The idea that the organizational structures and control systems manager choose depend onare contingent on characteristics of the external environment in which the organization operates.
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Type of Structure
Mechanistic Structure Authority is centralized at the top. (Theory X) Employees are closely monitored and managed. Can be very efficient in a stable environment.
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Type of Structure
Organic Structure Authority is decentralized throughout the organization. (Theory Y) Control is much looser Reliance on shared norms is greater Works best when environment is unstable and rapidly changing
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