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INTRODUCTION
WSN are used to collect data from the environment. They consists of large number of sensor nodes and one or more Base Stations. The nodes in the network are connected via Wireless communication channels. Each node has capability to sense data, process the data and send it to rest of the nodes or to Base Station. These networks are limited by the node battery lifetime.
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Top-Down Design Process:
Client Standard Web browser via Internet Server Wireless mote network
ADVANTAGES
It avoids lot of wiring. It can accommodate new devices at any time. Its flexible to go through physical partitions. It can be accessed through a centralised monitor.
DISADVANTAGES
It is very easy for hackers to hack it as we cant control propagation of waves. Comparatively low speed of communications. Gets distracted by various elements like Bluetooth. Still costly at large.
WSN ARCHITECTURE
They can be re-task in the field Easily communicate with the rest of the network
GATEWAY
Each sensor patch contains a gateway node Each gateway node can communicate with the sensor network and provides connectivity to the transit network
TRANSIT NETWORK
Can consist of a single hop link or a series of networked wireless nodes Each transit network design has different characteristics
o o o o o
BASE STATION
Data storage for the collection of sensor patches WAN connectivity will be wireless Base-Remote link connection to the internet
WSN PROTOCOLS
Wireless sensor network routing protocols can be classified into following categories. Direct communication Flat protocols (Multihop) Hierarchical Routing Protocols
ROUTING MECHANISM
Multihop Routing
Direct Communication
Hierarchical Routing
Cluster Head
APPLICATIONS OF WSN
Environmental/Habitat monitoring Acoustic detection Seismic Detection Military surveillance Inventory tracking Medical monitoring Process Monitoring
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
A communication network is composed of nodes, each of which has computing power and can transmit and receive messages over communication links. The basic network topologies are
1.Fully connected networks 2.Mesh networks 3.Star networks 4.Ring networks
TOPOLOGIES
TYPES OF SENSORS
Mechanical Sensors o The Piezoresistive Effect o The Piezoelectric Effect o Capacitive Sensors o Inductive sensors Optical Transducers o Photoelectric effect o Photoconductive sensors o Junction-based photosensors
CONCLUSION
The emergence of wireless sensor networks can finally bridge the gap between physical and digital worlds, with the effect as if to establish nervous system for the physical world. It also allows measurement and monitoring in the way that is much closer to the phenomenon than ever before, resulting in continuous and high fidelity of data collected.
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