WiFi

WiFi Fundamentals
Wi-Fi,

or Wireless Fidelity, is freedom: it allows a person to connect to the Internet from your couch at home, a bed in a hotel room or a conference room at work without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology. Wi-Fi enabled computers send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a base station. Its just as fast as a cable modem connection. Allows you to access the Internet while on the move ; you can remain online while moving from one area to another, without a disconnection or loss in coverage.

HotSpots
What is a HotSpot? A HotSpot is a geographic area that has a readily accessible wireless network. HotSpots are equipped with a Broadband Internet connection, and one or more Access Points that allow users to access the Internet wirelessly. HotSpots can be setup in any public/private location that can support an Internet connection. .

Typical Wi-Fi Users

Now that we know about WiFi, who are the likely users of WiFi services?
Frequent Travelers

Businessmen and Corporate Managers Scientists & Doctors Students and Academicians Administrators & Technocrats who participate in Seminars & Conferences Just about anybody with a laptop

What are the good places to install WiFi?

Basically, any location which caters to business users, and where people with laptops are likely to make frequent visits is an ideal choice to install WiFi.

Airports Hotels & Resorts Restaurants Coffee Shops Bookstores Shopping Malls

Sample WiFi Illustration

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Alternate definition of WiFi Inter operability standard for Wireless Fidelity using IEEE 802.11b/802.11a/802.11g standard

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

How IEEE802.11b/802.11g interwork with wired LAN IEEE802.3
Using Access Point (AP) which works as a bridge between these two networks

IEEE Wireless Standards

Wireless Standard 802.11b 802.11g
2.4 2.4835 GHz 54 MBPS 128 bit WEP 300 ft 802.11b, 802.11g Larger networks, small business

802.11a
5.725 - 5.850 GHz 54 MBPS 152 bit WEP 256 bit AES 100 ft 802.11a Large business concerned with security

Frequency Range 2.4 2.4835 GHz Max Speed Max Encryption 11 MBPS 128 bit WEP

Distance Covered 300 ft Natively Compatible Potential user 802.11b Entry level and home networks

We are using 802.11g standard AP with backward compatibility to 802.11b

Components required for WiFi( in small environment)

A PC, laptop or PDA, running Windows 98 or above.
A wireless PCMCIA card, or a wireless adapter. Now a days all the latest LAPTOPS are coming with in built CENTRINO. A Network Interface Card (optional) - Only if a LAN connection is required) An Access Point - essentially a compact radio transmitter with an antenna that connects to a wired connection, such as an Ethernet, DSL, or Cable Network. A valid internet connection.

Components required for a larger environment

Multiple Access Points - To provide overlapping coverage throughout a site. Access points can be installed almost anywhere. Network switch - A device that joins multiple computers together. A set of Access Points can be connected to a single network switch. Wireless LAN bridge (optional) A wireless LAN workgroup bridge enables connection between two different hotspot networks.

Components required for very large environment

Authentication and Billing Server Enables control access to the Wi-Fi hotspot network by conducting authentication checks similar to credit card or member ID authentication. Also tracks wireless usage for billing purposes and provides payment transaction services.
Wireless Access Gateway A device which connects wireless subscribers to the wired network. It employs one Ethernet port to interface with the router and one wireless subscriber port that supports IEEE 802.11b/g standard .

Materials procured for Wi-Fi

1. AP Type B : Nomadix AG 2000 W+ ( 300 nos ) AP + SW + RW 2. AP Type A : Proxim AP 700 ( 750 nos ) ORINOCO 3. PCMCIA Card : 60 nos. 4. PCI : 60 nos. 5. NOC EMS
RADIUS Server Billing server Web Portal Server SMS Gateway Server Firewall Type II LAN SW Type II RW

NOC has been put at Bangalore East TE

PCMCIA wireless card

Used For Portables:

PCI and USB adapters

Used For Desktops: PCI adapter USB adapter (inside) (outside)

Types of Access Point

A. Type A : A Simple Access Point In our case it is proxim make ORINOCO AP 700 ( Total nos received = 750 all over India ) B. Type B : Router + Switch + AP In our case we are using NOMADIX AG 2000 W + ( Total nos received = 300 all over India )

Name of Towns & No of hotspots

Sl No City Circle No of hot spots

1 2 3 4 5 6

Bangalore Chennai Kolkata Pune Ulhashnagar Dombivalley

Karnataka Chennai Kolkata Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra

36 36 36 24 8 8

7
8

Kalyan
Hyderabad

Maharashtra
A.P

8
24

Total

Name of Towns & No of hotspots

Sl No City Circle No of hot spots

9 10 11

Ahemadabad Gujarat Lucknow Ernakulam UP(E) Kerala

24 12 12

12
13 14 15

Ghaziabad
Noida Faridabad Gurgaon

UP(W)
UP (W) Haryana Haryana

8
10 8 10

Total

Name of Towns & No of hotspots

Sl No City Circle No of hot spots

16 17 18

Bhubaneswar Orissa Ranchi Guwahati Jharkand Assam

4 4 4

19
20 21 22

Patna
Indore Coimbatore Trichy

Bihar
MP TamilNadu TamilNadu

4
4 4 4

Total

Name of Towns & No of hotspots

Sl No City Circle No of hot spots

23 24

Mandurai Pondicherri

TamilNadu TamilNadu

4 4

TOTAL

300

Note : 1 Hotsot = 1 no of Nomadix AG 2000W+ and 2.5 no of Proxim ORINOCO AP 700 has been assumed

Total

Backhaul of Wi-Fi
1. Broadband Connection ( DataOne ) 2. MLLN ( With Ethernet Port ) 3. Lease Line 4. Ethernet Over SDH 5. WiMAX

We are using option 1.

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

Internet C

GE Tier 1

BRAS
FE STM Ring

GE
Tier 2 1 GE 480 Cu

GE

GE

GE
11

FE
FE FE 64 DSLAM

FE 240 Cu

FE 120 Cu

64 Cu

Cu CPE

Wi-Fi Connectivity
At present we are using ADSL for Wi-Fi connectivity. So we can say at present Wi-Fi is an add on feature of DataOne.

Copper Cable To DSLAM

ADSL

RJ-45 Nomadix

( RW+SW +AP )
( 50 Such Laptops )

Suitable for small places like conference hall

Wi-Fi Connectivity

Copper Cable To DSLAM

RJ-45 Nomadix RJ-45 ADSL Proxim ( RW+SW +AP )

( 50 Such Laptops )

Cascading via Switch

Copper Cable To DSLAM

ADSL

RJ-45 Nomadix

( RW+SW +AP )
50-70 M
50-70 M

Proxim Proxim

Switch

Proxim 50-70 M Suitable for places like Shopping malls, Institutions, big hotels

Cascading via Radio

Copper Cable To DSLAM

ADSL

RJ-45 Nomadix

( RW+SW +AP )

Proxim

Proxim

Proxim Proxim

Max 6 nos of Proxim can be cascaded over /Radio. Suitable for places like Airport, Shopping malls

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

P ROUTER PE

P ROUTER

BRAS DSLMP CPE AG SW PC AP PC

TIER-I TIER-II

AP PC

PC

PC

PC

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

How many PCs can be supported by one AP

AP+AG : 50 clients max.

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

How much distance can be supported by one AP (802.11b)

50M : 11 Mbps 80M : 5.5 Mbps 120M : 2 Mbps 150M : 1 Mbps

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

How much distance can be supported by one AP (802.11g)

20M : 54 Mbps 40M : 27 Mbps 80M : 6 Mbps 100M : 1 Mbps

Applications of Nomadix AG 2000 W+

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Mainly called access gateway Pre-paid service RADIUS Server/Client. Internal & External Web Server. Authentication & billing Can work in small hotels without NOC. O/P : 63 mw. No reconfiguration needed in customers Laptop. Lawful Intercept

Applications of Proxim ORINOCO 700

1. Mainly to be used with AG. 2. SSID & VLAN applications ( 16 nos/AP ). 3. Post Paid applications. 4. Required when area to be covered is big. 5. O/P : 100 mw. 6. Open or Closed SSID System. 7. WDS 8. Link Integrity 9. Rogue AP detection 10. Roaming

802.11 g Channel Frequencies

FCC : U.S./Canada, Mexico and Australia : ETSI: Europe and the UK. ETSI: Europe including the united Kingdom,China and South Korea
Channel ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 FCC(GHz) 2.412 2.417 2.422 2.427 2.432 2.437 2.442 2.447 2.452 2.457 2.462 ETSI(GHz) 2.412 2.417 2.422 2.427 2.432 2.437 2.442 2.447 2.452 2.457 2.462 2.467 2.472 -

Note : There are three Overlapping Channels. Viz. CH 1 : 2.412 2.434 Ghz CH 6 : 2.437 2.459 Ghz CH 11 : 2.462 2.484 GHz

Application of WiFi in BSNL Network

1. 2. 3. 4. New Pre-paid & Post paid Wi-Fi Customers. Existing Sancharnet Customers Existing BSNL GSM Customers Credit card/online payment.

Note:Pre-paid already operational.Existing Sancharnet Customer Service has been tested successfully & can be made operational.

From Any Wi-Fi enabled location, when you try to browse a site, say www.yahoo.com, you will be redirected to the Wifine logn page. If you are a first time user, you need to register with PIN stated on your coupon. The following depicts the wifine login page. (this Hotspots must be configured with static public IP)

The PIN is 13-digit unique key. After validating Pin, next page will let the end-user to create profile. End-user can create user-name and password of their choice. Once registered coupon is marked as registers and cannot used for more registration.

After registration process End-user can use and login to wifi service using username and password created.

at any time user can end the session by clicking logout button on logout screen.

Issues Relating to Wi-Fi

1. Installation materials. 2. Terms and Conditions / Rental or Revenue Sharing 3. Tariff Structure 4. Static IP address for each Hotspot.
(Reqd. for each hotspot.ADSL modem Will be in bridge mode & PPPOE in Nomadix. 5.Entry of AG & AP ips in EMS. 6.A/ T

INSTALLATION MATERIALS REQUIREMENT OF WI-FI

IN THE PRESENT TENDER,SCOPE IS THERE FOR 50 METRES OF ETHERNET WIRING. IT IS NOT SUFFICIENT FOR LARGE HOTSPOTS. THE EXTRA MATERIALS REQD. ARE:
6 U RACK UPS 8/16 PORT SWITCH ETHERNET & POWER CABLING POE SEALING BOX (OUTDOOR INSTALLATIONS) GI PIPE RF CABLE & HELICAL ANTENNA

TARIFF FOR TYPE A HOTSPOT

COUPON VALUE
Rs. 100

USAGE MINUTES
100 mins.

VALIDITY

USAGE CHARGES/MIN in Rs..

1.00

15 days

Rs.250
Rs 500 Rs 1000

275 mins
600 mins 1500 mins

30 days
45 days 90 days

0.91
0.83 0.67

TARIFF FOR TYPE-B HOTSPOTS

COUPON DENOMINATI ON Rs.60 USAGE DURATIO N 30 minutes VALIDITY COMMISSION

24 hrs

30%

Rs.90
Rs 150 Rs 400

60 minutes
120 minutes 24 hrs

24 hrs
24 hrs 72 hrs

32.5%
35% 40%

WiMAX Mission Statement

The purpose of WiMAX is to promote deployment of broadband wireless access networks by using a global standard and certifying interoperability of products and technologies

Writing test specs Qualifying test labs Certifying products

WiMAX is the next revolutionary technology after WiFi

Focus on interoperability

IEEE 802.16a/d/e
IEEE 802.16a A Fixed Wireless Access standard PtMP, connection oriented MAC layer Three Physical layers: OFDM, OFDMA and Single Carrier Approved in April 2003 IEEE 802.16d now called IEEE 802.16-2004 Approved in July 2004 Focused on fixed applications Consolidates all amendments and base standard for WiMAX IEEE 802.16e A Mobile Wireless Access standard Incorporate features and protocols needed for portability/mobility Modes added to enhance portability/mobility performance Expect final approval H105 HIPERMAN the parallel ETSI effort Identical to 802.16a and 802.16d, except:
Only OFDM PHY

WiMAX Vision: Broadband Everywhere

2
FRACTIONAL T1 for SMALL BUSINESS BACKHAUL for HOTSPOTS

3
Mobile Backhaul RESIDENTIAL & SoHo DSL LEVEL SERVICE

1 4

T1+ LEVEL SERVICE ENTERPRISE

802.16d

802.16d

WMAN Nomadic Coverage -> handoff from HOT SPOTS H H H H H H H H = wide area coverage outside of Hot Spots H

802.16e

INTERNET BACKBONE BWA Operator Network Backbone

Mobility

Salient features of BSNLWIMAX

1. WIMAX IN 10 CITIES-1.KOLKATA 2.CHENNAI 3.HYDERABAD 4. BANGLORE 5.AHMEDABAD 6.PUNE 7. HISSAR 8.ROHTAK 9.PINJORE 10.KARNAL 2. 150 TYPE 1 CPEs.(3 RJ 45) 2. VENDOR-MOTOROLA, APERTO TECNOLOGY 3.. FREQ. ALLOTTED- 2 FDD SPOTS OF 3.5 MHz. 4. FOUR SECTORS- 7.5MBPS*4 = 30 MBPS TOTAL NET THROUGHPUT 5. BS CAPACITY-1000CPE,50 SUBSCRIBER/CPE MODEL-PM 5000 BS,PM 300i CPE. 6. BS IS WIMAX CERTIFIED

WIMAX BS

WIMAX CPE components

CUSTOMER END ANTENNA , POE & PM 300i

Management Traffic connected to PE router via 128kbps MLLN circuit & data traffic to Tier-II
1. 2. 3. 4. User Data is backhauled to the Tier II switch using Ethernet over SDH or relevant media. Management Data is transported to the PE router using a 128kbps MLLN backhaul. EMS Client connected to the PE using 128kbps MLLN backhaul All Management elements are part of a VPN.

Snapshot of Frequency Spectrum for WiMAX (2.3 - 5.8 GHz)

MMDS
~2500-2690 2700-2900

3.5GHz band
3400-3600

Low/Mid UNII-band (802.11a)

5150-5350

Upper UNII-band
~5725-5850

3300-3400

ISM (11b/g)
US WCS
2305-2320 2345-2360 2400-2480

WRC (new)
5470-5725

WiMAX profiles available Other Bands

Note : WPC has allotted two no of FDD frequencies of 3.5 MHz (1) 3308.75 / 3358.75 MHz (2) 3312.25 / 3362.25 MHz

Performance Requirement from WiMax as per BSNL Tender

CPE Performance:
8 Mbps net throughput per sector Shall support 50 subscriber per CPE BSNL has specifically asked for V5.2, G703,Gx interface in BS & POTS, VOIP, USB,G703 interfaces in CPE besides the normal FE interface in BS & CPE. BSNL has given 1 Year time frame to bidder to provide these interfaces since these are not available with any bidders.

APPLICATIONS OF WIMAX
Multiple broadband from a single CPE.(Each subs. With different SLA) Backhaul of wi-fi Backhaul of DSLMP Internet lease line. MPLS VPN sopport.

FIG 1- DSLAM BACKHAUL APPLICATION FIG-1

Ethernet
CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY

Up to 20kmts Ethernet Wi-Max BTS

DSLAM Location-1

Wi-Max CPE

DSLAM Wi-Max CPE Location-2

Ethernet Switch

BRAS

INTERNET BACKBONE

FIG-2

Wireless Broadband Application

SME

ENTERPRISE

Wi-Max CPE
CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY

Wi-Max CPE
KIOSK

Wi-Max Base Station

Wi-Fi Access Point Wi-Max CPE

Wi-Max CPE

Wi-Fi HOTSPOT

INTERNET BACKBONE

FIG 3- BROADBAND SERVICE USING WI-MAX

Ethernet Cable Wi-Max CPE

Ethernet Switch

Wi-Max Base Station

CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY

INTERNET BACKBONE

FIG 4- BROADBAND SERVICE USING WI-FI AND WI-MAX

Wi-Max CPE

Wi-Fi Access Point

Wi-Max Base Station

CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY

INTERNET BACKBONE

FIG-5

MPLS-VPN CONNECTIVITY
SME

ENTERPRISE

Wi-Max CPE
CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY

Wi-Max CPE
SME

Wi-Max Base Station

SWITCH

Wi-Max CPE

MPLS NETWORK

INTERNET BACKBONE

Combined VoIP, DSL & Wi-Max Solution for URBAN and RURAL Telephony

CO
Media Gateway SIP Proxy & Media Server

Local PSTN
Cu Pairs

POTS Splitter

1
BSNL INTERNET IP

10/100BT

Existing Loop Network Voice & Data

SOHO
DSL CPE

ATA

IP DSLAM BRAS

Aperto Wi-Max Network

Rural Telephony
Aperto Wireless Access Wi-Max CPE
1
2 Analog 24 port FXS gateway

1
2 3

24

Issues with WI-MAX Equipment 1. Site survey 2. 5.2/G703 interfaces at CPE & BS end. 3. Height of Antenna at CPE end for longer distance. 4. Upgradation/Replacement to certified equipment.