Multiple Intelligences presented by J.

Maxwell
Principles of Curriculum and Instruction EDUC 5116

Multiple Intelligences by Howard Gardner

What is it? Impact on curriculum Impact on instruction Issues with M.I.

What is intelligence?
According to Gardner, intelligence is the capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural settings (Gardner & Hatch, 1989) all societies value different types of intelligences (Gardner, 1983)

Howard Gardner proposes that there is not a single intelligence, but rather that there are nine, maybe more:

Linguistic intelligence Logical/Mathematical intelligence Visual/Spatial intelligence Musical intelligence Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence Interpersonal intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence Naturalist intelligence Existential intelligence (Smith, 2002)

Howard Gardner claims

we all possess all of these intelligences but in varying degrees of strength, skill and limitation just as we all look different and have unique personalities and temperaments, we also have different profiles of intelligences no one kind of intelligence is better than another each intelligence has its own sphere of expertise intelligences are independent of each another.

Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligences Linguistic intelligence

Linguistic Intelligence
often called verbal/linguistic intelligence having mastery of language ability to manipulate language to express oneself rhetorically or poetically use language as a means to remember information

Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligences Linguistic intelligence Logical/Mathematical intelligence

Logical/Mathematical Intelligence
ability to detect patterns, reason deductively and think logically often associated with scientific and mathematical thinking

Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligences Linguistic intelligence Logical/Mathematical intelligence Visual/Spatial intelligence

Visual / Spatial Intelligence

gives one the ability to manipulate and create mental images in order to solve problems this intelligence is not limited to visual domains Gardner notes that spatial intelligence is also formed in blind children.

Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligences Linguistic intelligence Logical/Mathematical intelligence Visual/Spatial intelligence Musical intelligence

Musical Intelligence
encompasses the capability to recognize and compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms auditory functions are required for a person to develop this intelligence in relation to pitch and tone, but it is not needed for the knowledge of rhythm

Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligences Linguistic intelligence Logical/Mathematical intelligence Visual/Spatial intelligence Musical intelligence Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence

Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence
ability of ones one mental abilities to coordinate ones own bodily movements this intelligence challenges the popular belief that mental and physical activity are unrelated

Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligences Linguistic intelligence Logical/Mathematical intelligence Visual/Spatial intelligence Musical intelligence Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence Interpersonal intelligence

Interpersonal Intelligence
ability to recognize feelings, intentions and motivations of others

Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligences Linguistic intelligence Logical/Mathematical intelligence Visual/Spatial intelligence Musical intelligence Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence Interpersonal intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence

Intrapersonal Intelligence
ability to understand ones own feelings and motivations ability to use that information to regulate ones own life

Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligences

Linguistic intelligence Logical/Mathematical intelligence Visual/Spatial intelligence Musical intelligence Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence Interpersonal intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence Naturalist intelligence

Naturalist Intelligence
ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals and other objects in nature

Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligences

Linguistic intelligence Logical/Mathematical intelligence Visual/Spatial intelligence Musical intelligence Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence Interpersonal intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence Naturalist intelligence Existential intelligence

Existential Intelligence
sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence (i.e., the meaning of life? why do we die? how did we get here?)

Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligences

Linguistic intelligence Logical/Mathematical intelligence Visual/Spatial intelligence Musical intelligence Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence Interpersonal intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence Naturalist intelligence Existential intelligence

Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligences, still being examined.

Spiritual intelligence Moral intelligence

Spiritual Intelligence
ability to grasp cosmic and transcendent truths depends on affective characteristics we have as yet no scientifically reliable way of investigating such traits. precursor to existential intelligence

Moral Intelligence
is a concern with those rules, behaviours and attitudes that govern the sanctity of life in particular, the sanctity of human life and, in many cases, the sanctity of any other living creatures and the world they inhabit (Gardner, 1999) Gardner believes, that until we accept the existence of a moral realm is it then possible to speak of moral intelligence if we speak of a moral code then Gardner cannot accept the term moral intelligence

Multiple Intelligences Impact on the Curriculum

Gardners theory states that all seven intelligences are needed to functions in society implies that educators should recognize and teacher to a broader range of talents and skills

Multiple Intelligences Impact on the Curriculum

a deeper understanding of curriculum material takes place when more intelligences are incorporated curriculum needs to facilitate the interconnections between the intelligences

Multiple Intelligences Impact on the Curriculum

providing opportunities for assessment of students using their stronger intelligences gives an better idea of their knowledge of the material Student portfolios, independent projects, student journals and assigning creative tasks (Lazear, 1992)

Multiple Intelligences Impact on the Instruction

teachers can demonstrate to students how they can use their stronger intelligence in understanding a subject which usually uses their weaker intelligence similar to the idea of teaching style and learning style

Multiple Intelligences Impact on the Instruction

allows educators to reflect on the curriculum and their pedagogy to better meet the needs of their students material to be learnt in authentic environments utilise mentoring with experts in the area of development

Multiple Intelligences Impact on the Instruction

education needs to be embedded in all aspects of society educators need to instruct the same subject in different ways to accommodate students with different intelligence strengths

Issues with M.I.

are musical and bodily-kinesthetic intelligences more like talents lack of empirical data to support Gardners work development of tests to develop norms for them lack of tests to measure specific intelligences (Gilman, 2001) time required to teach subject to activate or promote differing intelligences

Issues with M.I.

how do primarily urban children fare in the naturalist intelligence how many intelligences will there be

References
Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of Mind. New York: Basic Books Inc. Gardner, H. (1993). Frames of mind : the theory of multiple intelligences. New York, NY : BasicBooks. xxxii, 440 p. Gardner, H., & Hatch, T. (1989). Multiple intelligences go to school: Educational implications of the theory of multiple intelligences. Educational Researcher, 18(8), 4-9. Gilman, L. (2001). The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Retrieved April 13, 2004, from Indiana University Web site: http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/mitheory.shtml Lazear, D.G. (1992). Teaching for multiple intelligences. Bloomington, IN : Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. 46 p. Smith, K. (2002). Howard Gardner and Multiple intelligences, the encyclopedia of informal education. Retrieved April 14, 2004, from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm