DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : A.Vinay Kumar
Designation : H.O.D
Branch : Applied Electronics and Instrumentation
Institute : Q.Q.GPT, Hyderabad
Subject : Analytical Instrumentation
Code No : AEI-603
Major Topic : Mass spectroscopy & Chromatography

Duration : 100 Mts

Sub Topic : Applications and detectors of Mass
spectrometer
Teaching Aids : Animations, diagrams
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 Objectives

On completion of this topic you will be able to

know about Mass spectrometer

• Applications
• Detectors
• Advantages
• Disadvantages

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 Recap

In last class we have learnt about the mass

spectrometer
• Derivation

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 Applications

• To identify the unknown compounds by the mass of the

compound molecules or their fragments

• Determining the isotopic composition of elements in a

compound

• Determining the structure of a compound by observing it

fragmentation

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 Applications

• Studying the fundamentals of gas phase ion chemistry

• Determining the other important physical , chemical and

biological properties of compounds with a variety of other

approaches

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 Applications……

• In inorganic analysis

• In trace analysis in inorganic chemistry

• Upper atmosphere can be analyzed by rocket borne

Mass spectroscopy
• Analysis is carried out on the surface of the Mars

• Direct control of industrial process carried by process

monitor M.S

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 Applications……

• Analysis of gas flow in patient breathing

• Biochemical analysis in medicines and other fields

• Detection and measuring of concentration of pollutants in

air and in water
• In refineries for trace element investigations

• Analysis of lubricating oils

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 Applications……

• Small size, direct determination of the molecular weights

• Placement of functional groups into certain area of

molecules

• Interconnection and investigation of reaction mechanism

• For the location of individual atoms using atom probe

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 Applications……

• In Pharmacokinetics for micro dosing studies for

alternative animal experimentation
• In space missions to measure the composition of
plasmas
• They were taken to Mars by the Viking program
• In hospitals for respiratory gas analysis

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Space application

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 The Mass Spectrum
Masses are graphed or tabulated according to their
relative abundance.

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Mass Spectrum with Sulfur

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Mass Spectrum with Chlorine

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Mass Spectrum with Bromine

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 Mass Spectra of Alkanes

More stable carbonations will be more abundant.

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 Molecules with Heteroatom
• Isotopes: present in their usual abundance.
• Hydrocarbons contain 1.1% C-13, so there will be a small
M+1 peak.
• If Br is present, M+2 is equal to M+.
• If Cl is present, M+2 is one-third of M+.
• If iodine is present, peak at 127, large gap.
• If N is present, M+ will be an odd number.
• If S is present, M+2 will be 4% of M+

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Isotopic Abundance

81
Br

=>

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 The GC-MS
A mixture of compounds is separated by gas
chromatography, then identified by mass
spectrometry.

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The GC-MS

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 Detectors

• The final element of the mass spectrometer is the

detector

• The detector records the charge induced or current

produced when an ion passes by or hits a surface

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 Different types of detectors

• Continuous dynode particle multiplier detector

• Farady cups

• Ion-to- photon detectors

• Micro channel plate detectors

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 Detector
Continuous dynode particle multiplier detector

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 Advantages

• High sensitivity

• Suitable for data storage and library retrieval

• Capable in handling in complex mixtures

• Impurities of masses are analyzed , but do not interfere

with result

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 Disadvantages

• Quantitative analysis is not possible

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 Summary

In this class we have learnt Mass spectrometer

• Applications

• Advantages

• Detectors

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 Quiz

1.The following is not a detector of mass

spectrometer
a. Farady cups

b. Ion-to- photon detectors

c. Micro channel plate detectors

d. Flame ionization detector

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1.List the applications of mass spectro meter?

2.List the advantages of mass spectro meter?

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