DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH

Name of the faculty : K. Sudha

Designation : Lecturer
Branch : DAEIE
Institute : KDRGPT, WNP, MBNR
Semester :V
Subject code & name : AEI – 505 & Linear IC
Applications
Topic : Active Filters
Subtopic : Butterworth filter
Duration : 100 MIN
Teaching Aids : PPTS, Animations
AEI505.35 to 36 1
 Objective

On completion of this topic, you would be able to

know about

• First order low pass Butterworth filter

• Design of first order low pass Butterworth filter

AEI505.35 to 36 2
 Recap

In the previous class we had studied about

• Ideal & practical responses of active filters

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 First Order Low Pass Butterworth Filter

• Uses an RC network for filtering

• Op-amp is used in non-inverting configuration

AEI505.35 to 36 4
AEI505.35 to 36 5
Frequency response

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• No loading of RC network

• R1 & RF determine the gain of filter

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 Analysis

• Voltage across C is

-jxc
v1 vin
=
R-jxc

vin
v1 =
1+j2πfRC

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Output voltage, v0= [1+RF/R1] V1

V0=[1+RF/R1] [Vin/1+j2πfRC]

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 V0 1+RF/R1
=
Vin 1+j2πRC
where
V0
= Gain of filter
Vin

AF = 1+RF/R1 = Pass band gain

f = Frequency of input signal

fH = 1/2πRC = Cutoff frequency

AEI505.35 to 36 10
 V0 AF
Gain magnitude =
Vin √ (1+f/fH)2

Phase angle ,Ø = -tan-1(f/fH)

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 V0
1.At low frequency, f < fH , = AF
Vin

V0 AF
2.At f = fH , = = 0.707 AF
Vin √2

V0
3.At f > fH , < AF
Vin

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• When frequency increases by 10 times, gain
decreases by 20dB

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Design

• Choose a value of high cutoff frequency , fH

• Select a value of C less than or equal to 1μf

• Calculate R = 1/2πfHC

• Select values of R1 & RF depending on pass band gain AF

= 1+RF/R1
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Frequency scaling

• Procedure used to convert original cutoff frequency fH to

new cutoff frequency

• To change fH , multiply R or C, by rate of original cutoff

frequency to new cutoff frequency

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 Summary

We have discussed about ,

• Low pass Butterworth filter

• Frequency scaling

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 Quiz

• What is gain magnitude at f = fH?

• 0.586AF

• 0.207AF

• 0.307AF

• 0.707AF

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2.Formula for cutoff frequency fH?

a) 1/2πfC

b) 1/2πLC

c) 1/2πRC

d) 1/2πC

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3.When frequency increases in first order LPF, gain
decreases by?
b) 30 dB
c) 20 dB
d) 10 dB
e) 05 dB

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4.In frequency scaling which elements values can be
changed?
b) R&L
c) L&C
d) R&C
e) R&L&C

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1.Draw & explain a first order low pass Butterworth filter?

2.Design a LPF with cutoff frequency 1kHz & gain is unity?

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