- Iniioduciion

-- Refeience bools
-- Desciipiive Teims
- Gameiogenesis
-- Speimaiogenesis
-- Oogenesis
- Ovulaiion io Implaniaiion
lnLroducLlon 8eference 8ooks
lnLroducLlon 8eference 8ooks
O CrganlzaLlon of Langman's Lmbryology 8ook
O Ceneral and SysLems8ased Lmbryology
O 1yplcal chapLer conslsLs of
O Maln LexL
O Cllnlcal correlaLes
O Molecular regulaLlon
lnLroducLlon uescrlpLlve 1erms
lnLroducLlon uescrlpLlve 1erms
uescrlpLlve 1erms Lxample
CameLogenesls Chromosomes and Melosls
O ulplold and
Paplold SLaLes
O ulfference
beLween Melosls
and MlLosls
O Wlsdom behlnd
melosls
O 8lsk on melosls
wlLh age
Male and lemale CameLes
O ulfference beLween folllcle and oocyLe
SpermaLogenesls Semlnlferous 1ubules
O SpermaLogenesls beglns aL puberLy (when Lhe solld semlnlferous
cords acqulre lumen becomlng Lubules)
O SerLoll cells supporL and nourlsh Lhe male germ cells
O 300 mllllon sperm cells produced dally
SpermaLogenesls
Spermlogenesls
O 1ransformaLlon of rounded spermaLld lnLo spermaLozoon lncludes
O % formaLlon of acrosome % formaLlon of neck mlddle plece and Lall
O 2% condensaLlon of nucleus 4% sheddlng of mosL of cyLoplasm
lemale 8eproducLlve SysLem
1he Cvary
CameLogenesls Cogenesls
O Cogenesls beglns before blrLh
O Cnly prlmary oocyLes presenL by blrLh
O rlmary oocyLes remaln arresLed ln prophase l of melosls
(dlploLene sLage lnduced by CMl pepLlde) unLll puberLy
Cogenesls aL uberLy
O Lvery monLh 13 Lo 20 folllcles begln Lo grow passlng
Lhrough Lhree sLages
O rlmary (preanLral)
O Secondary (anLral)
O reovulaLory (Craaflan)
O uevelopmenL of an ovarlan folllcle ls characLerlzed by
O CrowLh and dlfferenLlaLlon of prlmary oocyLe
O rollferaLlon of folllcular cells
O lormaLlon of zona pelluclda
O uevelopmenL of Lhe Lheca folllcull
nLral and Craaflan lolllcles
O rlmary oocyLe compleLes melosls l Lo form secondary oocyLe
and flrsL polar body
O Secondary oocyLe arresLed ln meLaphase ll of melosls and wlll
noL proceed unless ferLlllzaLlon Lakes place
Secondary (nLral) lolllcle hoLomlcrograph
1he Cvary and lolllcles
Cvarlan (MensLrual) Cycle
O L puberLy Lhe female beglns Lo undergo a monLhly cycle of Lhree sLages
pro||ferat|ve (folllcular) progestat|ona| (secreLory) and menstrua|
Cvarlan (MensLrual) Cycle
O uurlng Lhe mensLrual phase superflclal layers of uLerlne endomeLrlum are
shed and only basal layer remalns
CvulaLlon
O near day 14 a st|gma appears on surface of Lhe ovary
O lncreased conLracLlons of ovarlan wall exLrude Lhe oocyLe wlLh some
folllcular cells (called corona radlaLa)
CvulaLlon
Corpus LuLeum
O lormed afLer ovulaLlon by vascularlzaLlon of remalnlng
granulosa cells and Lheca lnLerna
O yellowlsh Lemporary gland LhaL secreLes progesLerone
1he laLe of Corpus LuLeum
O lf no ferLlllzaLlon occurs corpus luLeum beglns shrlnklng abouL 9 days afLer
ovulaLlon and forms a flbroLlc scar Llssue called norpus a|b|nans
1he laLe of Corpus LuLeum
O lf ferLlllzaLlon occur degeneraLlon of corpus luLeum ls prevenLed by
uman nor|on|n gonadotrop|n (secreLed by embryo)
O ConLlnues Lo secreLe progesLerone unLll Lhe end of 4
t
mont when placenLal
progesLerone becomes adequaLe and corpus luLeum regresses slowly
8efore lerLlllzaLlon
O SpermaLozoa reachlng Lhe oocyLe musL undergo
O apan|tat|on removal of glycoproLeln coaL and semlnal plasma proLelns from Lhe
plasma membrane of Lhe acrosome reglon of Lhe sperm so LhaL Lhey can cross
Lhe corona radlaLa
O nrosome keant|on as sperm blnds Lo Lhe zona pelluclda proLeolyLlc enzymes
are relased Lo peneLraLe Lhe zona
hases of lerLlllzaLlon
O 9ase eneLraLlon of Corona 8adlaLa
O 9ase 2 eneLraLlon of Zona elluclda
hases of lerLlllzaLlon
O 9ase luslon of CocyLe and Sperm Cell Membranes
O Cnly Lhe head and Lall of Lhe sperm (wlLhouL Lhe plasma membrane)
enLer Lhe oocyLe
O CorLlcal granules ln Lhe oocyLe release lysosomal enzymes LhaL brlng
abouL Lhe nort|na| (or zona) reant|on whlch causes
W Lhe oocyLe membrane Lo
become lmpeneLrable Lo oLher
sperm (prevenLlng
polyspermla)
W Lhe zona pelluclda Lo alLer lLs
sLrucLure and lnacLlvaLe
recepLors for sperm
prevenLlng furLher sperm
blndlng
CorLlcal (Zona) 8eacLlon
luslon of Male and lemale ronuclel
O s soon as Lhe sperm enLers Lhe oocyLe lmmedlaLely compleLes
melosls ll formlng Lhe def|n|t|ve oonte and Lhe second polar body
O 1he deflnlLlve oocyLe becomes Lhe fema|e pronun|eus and Lhe head
of Lhe sperm enlarges Lo form Lhe ma|e pronun|eus and Lhe Lwo
fuse LogeLher
O 1he chromosomes wlll dupllcaLe and a normal mlLosls Lakes place Lo
form Lhe Lwocell zgote
8esulLs of lerLlllzaLlon
O kestorat|on of D|p|o|d Number of romosomes
O Palf from faLher and half from moLher
O Determ|nat|on of Sex
O 1he sex chromosome carrled by Lhe sperm deLermlnes Lhe sex of Lhe
embryo
O n|t|at|on of |eavage
O s soon as Lhe Lwo pronuclel fuse Lhey undergo mlLosls Lo form Lwo cells
O WlLhouL ferLlllzaLlon Lhe oocyLe degeneraLes 1 day afLer ovulaLlon (ln a
normal mensLrual cycle)
Cleavage
O 1wocell zygoLe dlvldes conLlnuously Lo form smaller cells
(b|astomeres) LhaL are loosely arranged unLll Lhe 8cell sLage where
Lhey undergo nompant|on
O L day 3 Lhe 16cell moru|a forms composed of |nner ne||s mass
(fuLure embryo proper) and outer ne|| mass (fuLure LrophoblasL
placenLa)
O ll Lhese form whlle Lravelllng ln Lhe uLerlne Lube Lowards Lhe uLerus
8lasLocysL and lmplanLaLlon
O When Lhe morula reaches Lhe uLerus fluld peneLraLes Lhrough Lhe zona
pelluclda lnLo Lhe lnner cell mass formlng a slngle cavlLy Lhe b|astone|e and
Lhe morula becomes a b|astonst
O lnner cells mass now called embrob|ast and ouLer cell mass called tropob|ast
O Zona pelluclda dlsappears aL Lhe 3
Lh
day and LrophoblasL cells aL embryoblasL
pole begln lmplanLaLlon ln uLerlne wall aL Lhe
t
da of developmenL
lmplanLaLlon of 8lasLocysL
O LmbryoblasL cells gaLher aL one pole whlle LrophoblasL cells form Lhe
wall of Lhe LrophoblasL
O 1rophoblasL cells aL Lhe embryoblasL pole begln lmplanLaLlon ln Lhe
uLerlne wall aL Lhe 6
Lh
day of developmenL normally along Lhe
anLerlor or posLerlor wall
Summary of Lhe 1
sL
Week of uevelopmenL