Summer training

Power point presentation BYDHARM RAJ YADAV GREATER NOIDA,INDIA

Hewlett-Packard Company commonly referred to as HP, is an American multinational information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, USA . The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard. Now it is one of the world's largest information technology companies, operating in nearly every country Major product lines include personal computing devices, enterprise, and industry standard servers, related storage devices, networking products, software and a diverse range of printers, and other imaging products.

NETWORKING
The network operates by connecting computers and peripherals using two pieces of equipment; switches and routers. Switches and routers, essential networking basics, enable the devices that are connected to your network to communicate with each other, as well as with other networks.

NETWORKING DEVICES
HUB

SWITCHES ROUTERS

Networking Media
Networking media can be defined simply as the means by which signals (data) are sent from one computer to another (either by cable or wireless means).

TECHNOLOGIES USED
LAN - Network in small geographical Area (Room,

Building or a Campus) is called LAN (Local Area Network)

MAN - Network in a City is call MAN

(Metropolitan Area Network)

WAN - Network spread geographically

(Country or across Globe) is called WAN (Wide Area Network)

Network Topology
The network topology defines the way in which computers, printers, and other devices are connected. A network topology describes the layout of the wire and devices as well as the paths used by data transmissions.

Bus Topology
Commonly referred to as a linear bus, all the devices on a bus topology are connected by one single cable.

Star & Tree Topology

The star topology is the most commonly used architecture in Ethernet LANs. When installed, the star topology resembles spokes in a bicycle wheel.

Larger networks use the extended star topology also called tree topology. When used with network devices that filter frames or packets, like bridges, switches, and routers, this topology significantly reduces the traffic on the wires by sending packets only to the wires of the destination host.

Ring Topology
A frame travels around the ring, stopping at each node. If a node wants to transmit data, it adds the data as well as the destination address to the frame. The frame then continues around the ring until it finds the destination node, which takes the data out of the frame.

Single ring All the devices on the network share a single cable
Dual ring The dual ring topology allows data to be sent in both directions.

Mesh Topology
The mesh topology connects all devices (nodes) to each other for redundancy and fault tolerance.

It is used in WANs to interconnect LANs and for mission critical networks like those used by banks and financial institutions.
Implementing the mesh topology is expensive and difficult.

TECHNOLOGIES USED IN LAN

VLAN Trunk

VTP
INTER VLAN ROUTING STP

VLAN
VLAN are used to break the broadcast domain of the

network

Virtual LANs

TRUNK
It is a technology that can carry multiple vlan data through single cable. It reduces the hardware
cost and complexity

VTP Create a vlan on a single switch and pass it

on other switches . ComponentsServer Client transparent

INTER VLAN ROUTING It is used to provide communication between two different VLAN.It is generally performed on layer 3 switch.

STP (SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL)

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network

protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network. The basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and ensuing broadcast radiation. Spanning tree also allows a network design to include spare (redundant) links to provide automatic back up paths if an active link fails.

ROUTING
Routing is the process of selecting paths in a network

along which to send network traffic. Routing is performed for many kinds of networks, including the telephone network (Circuit switching) , electronic data networks (such as the Internet), and transportation networks. The routing process usually directs forwarding on the basis of routing tables which maintain a record of the routes to various network destinations.

TYPES OF ROUTING
STATIC ROUTING - static routing is easy to configure on a

small network. The network administrator simply tells each router how to reach every network segment to which it is not directly attached DYNAMIC ROUTING - Dynamic Routing performs the same function as static routing except it is more robust. Static routing allows routing tables in specific routers to be set up in a static manner so network routes for packets are set. If a router on the route goes down the destination may become unreachable. Dynamic routing allows routing tables in routers to change as the possible routes change.

Applications
E-mail Searchable Data (Web Sites) E-Commerce News Groups Internet Telephony (VoIP) Video Conferencing Chat Groups Instant Messengers Internet Radio

CONCLUSION
Networking is used to design and manage a network

which can be used for communication effectively and efficiently.