Cardlovascular SysLem

8uhyana
The circuIofory sysfem corries bIood ond dissoIved
subsfonces fo ond from differenf pIoces in fhe body.
The Heorf hos fhe job of pumping fhese fhings oround
fhe body.
The Heorf pumps bIood ond subsfonces oround fhe
body in fubes coIIed bIood vesseIs.
The Heorf ond bIood vesseIs fogefher moke up fhe
CircuIutory System.
Whut is the circuIutory system?
What is the cardiovascuIar system?
The heart is a doubIe pump
heartFarteries FarterioIes
G
veinsvenuIes capiIIaries
arry M lrollch huPuman AnaLomy
WhaL uoes Cv SysLem do?
W ClrculaLe blood LhroughouL enLlre body for
1ransporL of oxygen Lo cells
1ransporL of CC2 away from cells
1ransporL of nuLrlenLs (glucose) Lo cells
MovemenL of lmmune sysLem componenLs
(cells anLlbodles)
1ransporL of endocrlne gland secreLlons
arry M lrollch huPuman AnaLomy
Pow does lL do lL?
W PearL ls pump
W ArLerles and velns are maln Lubes (plumblng)
rLerles way from PearL
velns Lo PearL
W ulffuslon happens ln caplllarles (oxygen CC2
glucose dlffuse ln or ouL of blood)
arry M lrollch huPuman AnaLomy
1wo clrculaLory paLhs
Pulmonary
Systemic
arry M lrollch huPuman AnaLomy
GREAT VESSELS
WAorta
WVC, SVC
WPulmonary Trunk
WPulmonary Veins
hambers of the heart; vaIves
arry M lrollch huPuman AnaLomy
eart Chambers and Valves
arry M lrollch huPuman AnaLomy
Right eart Chambers: Pulmonary Circuit
W Right Atrium (forms most of posterior of heart)
Receives O
2
-poor blood from body via VC, SVC, Coronary sinus
Ventral wall = rough Pectinate muscIe
Fossa OvaIis- on interatrial septum, remnant of Foramen OvaIe
W Right Ventricle
Receives O
2
-poor blood from right atrium through tricuspid valve
Pumps blood to lungs via PuImonary SemiIunar VaIve in
pulmonary trunk
TrabecuIae Carnae along ventral surface
PapiIIary MuscIe-cone-shaped muscle to which chordae tendinae
are anchored
Moderator Band-muscular band connecting anterior papillary
muscle to interventricular septum
arry M lrollch huPuman AnaLomy
Left eart Chambers: Systemic Circuit
W Left Atrium
Receives O
2
-rich blood from 4 Pulmonary Veins
Pectinate MuscIes line only auricle
W Left Ventricle (forms apex of heart)
Receives blood from Left Atrium via bicuspid valve
Pumps blood into aorta via Aortic SemiIunar VaIve to body
Same structures as Rt Ventricle: Trabeculae carnae, Papillary muscles, Chordae
tendinae
o Moderator Band
arry M lrollch huPuman AnaLomy
Location of eart in Thorax
ow does the eurt work?
blood from Lhe
body
blood from
Lhe lungs
The heorf beof begins when fhe
heorf muscIes reIu ond bIood
fIows info fhe ofrio.
STEP OME
The ofrio fhen contruct ond
fhe voIves open fo oIIow bIood
info fhe venfricIes.
ow does the eurt work?
STEP TWO
ow does the eurt work?
The voIves cIose fo sfop bIood
fIowing bockwords.
The venfricIes contruct forcing
fhe bIood fo Ieove fhe heorf.
Af fhe some fime, fhe ofrio ore
reIuing ond once ogoin fiIIing wifh
bIood.
The cycIe fhen repeofs ifseIf
STEP THPEE
whut's in
red bIood ceIIs
whife bIood ceIIs
pIofeIefs
pIosmo
corbon dioxide
digesfed food
wosfe (ureo)
hormones
oxygen
arry M lrollch huPuman AnaLomy
ArLery/veln dlfferences
Arteries (aa.) Veins (vv.)
Direction
of fIow
Blood Away from
eart
Blood to eart
Pressure igher Lower
WaIIs TCKER: Tunica
media thicker than
tunica externa
TER: Tunica
externa thicker
than tunica media
Lumen Smaller Larger
VaIves o valves Valves (see next)
leran McClade nov 2001 ueparLmenL of Ceneral racLlce Cu8
PyperLenslon
PyperLenslon
O Peisisieni elevaiion of aiieiial blood piessuie (BP)
O Naiional Guideline
O
il
Repoii of ile }oini Naiional Commiiiee on ile
Deieciion, Evaluaiion, and Tieaimeni of Higl Blood
Piessuie (}NC)
O : million Ameiicans (i%) lave BP > io]o mmHg
O Mosi paiienis asympiomaiic
O Caidiovasculai moibidiiy 8 moiialiiy iisl diiecily
coiielaied wiil BP, aniilypeiiensive diug ileiapy
ieduces caidiovasculai 8 moiialiiy iisl
:o
ClobanianAV, Baliis GL, Blacl HR, ei al. Sevenil iepoii of ile }oini Naiional Commiiiee on Pieveniion, Deieciion,
Evaluaiion, and Tieaimeni of Higl Blood Piessuie. Hypeiiension :oo,:():i:o-i::.
ore ceIIs constriction of bIood
vesseI waIIs
::
Llology
O Esseniial lypeiiension:
O > o% of cases
O leiediiaiy componeni
O Secondaiy lypeiiension:
O < io% of cases
O common causes: clionic lidney disease, ienovasculai
disease
O oilei causes: Rx diugs, siieei diugs, naiuial pioducis,
food, indusiiial clemicals
:
AdulL ClasslflcaLlon
C!assiIication Systo!ic B!ood
Pvcssuvc (mmHg)
Diasto!ic B!ood
Pvcssuvc (mmHg)
Pielypeiiension i:o-i oi o-
Siage : lypeiiension > io oi > ioo
:
Clobanian AV, Baliis GL, Blacl HR, ei al. Sevenil iepoii of ile }oini Naiional Commiiiee on Pieveniion, Deieciion,
Evaluaiion, and Tieaimeni of Higl Blood Piessuie. Hypeiiension :oo,:():i:o-i::.
Why ls Plgh 8lood ressure
lmporLanL?
Makes Lhe PearL work Loo hard
Makes Lhe walls of arLerles hard
lncreases rlsk for hearL dlsease and sLroke
Can cause hearL fallure kldney dlsease and
bllndness
CaLegorles of Plgh 8lood ressure
W Plgh 8lood ressure
SLage 1 140139 /9099
SLage 2 160179 /100109
SLage 3 180 /110
Pow uoes lL ffecL Lhe 8ody?
1he 8raln
Plgh blood pressure ls Lhe mosL lmporLanL
rlsk facLor for sLroke
Can cause a break ln a weakened blood
vessel whlch Lhen bleeds ln Lhe braln
1he PearL
Plgh 8lood ressure ls a ma[or rlsk facLor
for hearL aLLack
ls Lhe number one rlsk facLor for CongesLlve
PearL lallure
1he ldneys
ldneys acL as fllLers Lo rld Lhe body of
wasLes
Plgh blood pressure can narrow and
Lhlcken Lhe blood vessels
WasLe bullds up ln Lhe blood can resulL ln
kldney damage
1he yes
Can evenLually cause blood vessels Lo break
and bleed ln Lhe eye
Can resulL ln blurred vlslon or even
bllndness
1he ArLerles
Causes arLerles Lo harden
1hls ln Lurn causes Lhe kldneys and hearL Lo
work harder
ConLrlbuLes Lo a number of problems
revenLlng PyperLenslon
W AdopL a healLhy llfesLyle by
lollowlng a healLhy eaLlng paLLern
MalnLalnlng a healLhy welghL
8elng hyslcally AcLlve
lmlLlng Alcohol
CulLLlng Smoklng
revenLlng PyperLenslon
W AdopL a healLhy llfesLyle by
lollowlng a healLhy eaLlng paLLern
MalnLalnlng a healLhy welghL
8elng hyslcally AcLlve
lmlLlng Alcohol
CulLLlng Smoklng
uASP dleL
uleLary Approaches Lo SLop PyperLenslon
Was an 11 week Lrlal
ulfferences from Lhe food pyramld
an lncrease of 1 dally servlng of veggles
and lncrease of 12 servlngs of frulL
lncluslon of 43 servlngs of nuLsseeds and
beans
1lps for 8educlng Sodlum
8uy fresh plaln frozen or canned no added
salL" veggles
use fresh poulLry lean meaL and flsh
use herbs splces and salLfree seasonlngs
aL Lhe Lable and whlle cooklng
Choose convenlence foods low ln salL
8lnse canned foods Lo reduce sodlum
MalnLaln PealLhy WelghL
8lood pressure rlses as welghL rlses
CbeslLy ls also a rlsk facLor for hearL
dlsease
ven a 10# welghL loss can reduce blood
pressure
8e hyslcally AcLlve
Pelps lower blood pressure and lose/
malnLaln welghL
30 mlnuLes of moderaLe level acLlvlLy on
mosL days of week Can even break lL up
lnLo 10 mlnuLe sesslons
use sLalrs lnsLead of elevaLor geL off bus 2
sLops early ark your car aL Lhe far end of
Lhe loL and walk!
lmlL Alcohol lnLake
W Alcohol ralses blood pressure and can harm
llver braln and hearL
W WhaL counLs as a drlnk?
12 oz beer
3 oz of wlne
13 oz of 80 proof whlskey
CulL Smoklng
ln[ures blood vessel walls
Speeds up process of hardenlng of Lhe
arLerles
CLher 1reaLmenL
lf lfesLyle ModlflcaLlon ls noL worklng
blood pressure medlcaLlon may be needed
Lhere are several Lypes
ulureLlcswork on Lhe kldney Lo remove
access waLer and fluld from body Lo lower
bp
8eLa blockersreduce lmpulses Lo Lhe hearL
and blood vessels
CLher 1reaLmenL
AC lnhlblLors cause blood vessels Lo relax
and blood Lo flow freely
AngloLensln anLagonlsLs work Lhe same as
AC lnhlblLors
Calclum Channel 8lockers causes Lhe blood
vessel Lo relax and wlden
Alpha 8locker blocks an lmpulse Lo Lhe
hearL causlng blood Lo flow more freely
CLher 1reaLmenL
AlphabeLa blockers work Lhe same as beLa
blockers also slow Lhe hearL down
nervous sysLem lnhlblLors slow nerve
lmpulses Lo Lhe hearL
vasodllaLors cause blood vessel Lo wlden
allowlng blood Lo flow more freely
leran McClade nov 2001 ueparLmenL of Ceneral racLlce Cu8
lnvesLlgaLlon of Lhe new PyperLenslve
W PlsLory and examlnaLlon
W xclude secondary PyperLenslon
W urea and elecLrolyLes
W l8 and S8
W CC
W lpld proflle
W ChesL xray no longer rouLlnely lndlcaLed
1argeLCrgan uamage
O Biain: siiole, iiansieni isclemic aiiacl, demeniia
O Eyes: ieiinopaily
O Heaii: lefi veniiiculai lypeiiioply, angina
O Kidney: clionic lidney disease
O Peiipleial Vasculaiuie: peiipleial aiieiial disease

CE: angioiensin-conveiiing enzyme, ARB: angioiensin iecepioi bloclei, CCB: calcium clannel bloclei,
BP: diasiolic blood piessuie, SBP: sysiolic blood piessuie

Concluslon
PyperLenslon ls a very conLrollable dlsease
wlLh drasLlc consequences lf lefL
unconLrolled
CreaL 8esource wwwnhlblnlhgov