DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICALEDUCATION

ANDHRAPRADESH
Name : K.S.Sandhya Vani
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : DCCP
Institution : SRRS GPT, SIRCILLA, KNR(Dist)
Year/ semester : I - Year
Subject : Computer Fundamentals
Subject Code : CCP-105
Topic : Components of a Computer
Duration : 50 Mts
Sub topic : Mother board, Memory devices
Teaching aids : PPT, Animations & Images

CCP105.8 1
Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be

able to :

 Know Functions of Mother Board

 RAM
 ROM
 Memory Devices

CCP105.8 2
Recap
 Input Devices
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Scanner etc
 Output Devices
 Monitor
 Printer
 Plotter etc.

CCP105.8 3
What is a Motherboard?

 It is the main board in the computer, also called the

system board

 The CPU, ROM chips, SIMMs, DIMMs, and the

interface cards are plugged into it

CCP105.8 4
Motherboard Contains The
Following Components

 CPU  PCI Slots

 CPU Heat Sink & Fan  AGP Slot
 RAM  Add-On Cards
 ROM BIOS  Ports
 South Bridge  FDD & HDD
 North Bridge Interface
 CMOS Battery  Cables

CCP105.8 5
Clock
Top View L2 Cache
Speed
FSB
Speed
Core
Voltage

P – IV CPU Top
Pin 1
Indication
View
C05/CM/405/1 - 2 of 10 12

CCP105.8 6
List of Ports

A Port is a hardware unit which helps in

connecting an I/O device to computer for
communication
 Mouse port  VGA port
 Key board port  Sound port
 USB port  Ethernet port
 Serial port  Game port
 Parallel port

CCP105.8 7
 Socket
478

DDR RAM
SD RAM
Ports

Slots
Slots
Bridge
North
ATX
Power
Floppy
Connector
AGP Slot Drive
Connector
South Primary
Secondary
BIO

Bridg
S

PCI e
CMOS
Slots Battery
C05/CM/405/1 - 2 of 10 53

CCP105.8 8
Data Representation in Computers

 All the data in the computer is internally stored in the

form of ‘0’ and ‘1’s(bits)
 A bit can be defined as an electronic signal, which is
either ON (1) or OFF ( 0 )
 The capacities of storage devices or the main
memory are always measured in terms of bytes.
 Example:-
 If I have typed “I Love India”, it means I have typed
12 bytes (10 letters and 2 spaces)
CCP105.8 9
Memory Unit
Measuring Memory

 1 Byte = 8 Bits
 1 KB[Kilo Byte] = 1024 Bytes
 1 MB [Mega Byte] = 1024 Kilo Byte
 1 GB [ Giga Byte] = 1024 Mega Byte
 1 TB [Tera Byte] = 1024 Giga Byte

CCP105.8 10
Types of Memory

Basically there are two types of memory

devices :

1. Primary Memory
2. Secondary Memory

CCP105.8 11
Primary Memory
 TheMemory unit which is on Mother board is
known as the Primary Memory.

 Stores the data and processed information.

 Also known as Main Memory

CCP105.8 12
Primary Memory
 Example:

 The teacher uses the black board while explaining. But

the board will be wiped when the class is over.

 Similarly, the data in Primary memory is lost when the

computer is switched off.

 It is classified as RAM and ROM.

CCP105.8 13
Random Access Memory (RAM)
 The contents of this part of the memory are not
permanent because, once the system is switched
off, the contents are erased

 Whenever the computer works with data or

instructions they are first loaded into the RAM

 Since the content of RAM is lost when the

computer is turned OFF,RAM is called volatile
memory

CCP105.8 14
RAM

 RAM is the acronym for Random Access Memory

 It is a part of computer’s main memory

 Data can be read from RAM in any order or at Random

 RAM holds the data and programs that are being used by
the computer at a given time

CCP105.8 15
 Random Access Memory

SD (Synchronous Dynamic) RAM

CCP105.8 16
Read Only Memory (ROM)

 ROM is permanent memory

 ROM allows the user to read but the user cannot
store data in it. Hence it is called Read Only
Memory
 ROM contains information on how to start the
computer
 The contains of ROM is not lost even when the
computer is turned OFF. Hence ,ROM is called
non-volatile memory

CCP105.8 17
Programmable Read-Only Memory
(PROM)

 In this part of the memory, the user can put the

data according to his specifications using a special
device known as prom-programmer

 The advantage is that, the programmer can have

his own data or program placed in the memory

CCP105.8 18
Erasable Programmable Read-Only
Memory (EPROM)

 It is similar to PROM but also allows Erasing by

exposure to ultra-violet light

CCP105.8 19
Summary
 Mother Board
 Main board in the Computer.
 Ram
 Part of a Computer’s Main Memory
 Temporary in nature.

 Rom
 Part of a Computer’s Main Memory
 Permanent in nature

CCP105.8 20
Quiz
1. Hardware refers to :

a) The outside of a computer

b) Any part of the computer that you can see or
touch
c) The tools to repair the computer
d) Computer instructions or programs that tell the
hardware what to do

CCP105.8 21
QUIZ
2. RAM is :

a) Removable archive memory

b) Read access memory
c) Random access memory
d) None of the above

CCP105.8 22
Quiz
3. A Bit is

a) Bye integer Term

b) Bit integer
c) Binary digit
d) Byte digit

CCP105.8 23
Assignment
1. Differentiate between RAM and ROM.

3. How is data represented in computers.

CCP105.8 24
Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is a Mother board ?

2. Explain the functions of Mother board, Memory
devices.
3. What are the various components on the
Motherboard.
4. What is RAM and ROM.

CCP105.8 25
CCP105.8 26