MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 1

1ypes of MulLlmedla
W lnLeracLlve mulLlmedla
W PyperacLlve mulLlmedla
W Llnear mulLlmedla
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 2
lnLeracLlve MulLlmedla
W Allows Lhe user Lo conLrol
whaL and
when Lhe elemenLs are dellvered
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 3
Pypermedla
W lnLeracLlve MulLlmedla whlch
provldes a sLrucLure of llnked elemenLs
Lhrough whlch Lhe user
can navlgaLe
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 4
MulLlmedla ro[ecL
W Llnear users waLch from beglnnlng Lo end
W nonllnear and lnLeracLlve users are glven
navlgaLlonal conLrol and can wonder Lhrough
Lhe conLenL
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 3
AuLhorlng 1ools
W MulLlmedla elemenLs are sewn" LogeLher
uslng Lools llke AuLhorware
Lo provlde faclllLles for creaLlng and edlLlng LexL
and lmages
have exLenslons Lo drlve vldeodlsc players and
oLher perlpherals
playback Lhe sound and movle elemenLs creaLed
wlLh oLher Lools
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 6
new 1echnologles
W v8 vlrLual 8eallLy
Coggles helmeLs gloves eLc place users
lnslde" a llfellke experlence
vlew changes as user moves forward
lefL/rlghL eLc
Composed of Lhousands of geomeLrlc Lo be
reallsLlc
Wlll requlre new sLandards (v8ML) for
LransmlLLlng vlrLual worlds on Lhe web
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 7
SLages of a ro[ecL
W lan
evelop an ldea
ldenLlfy ob[ecLlves
ldenLlfy skllls and resources
evelop a proLoLype
LsLlmaLe Llme and cosL
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 8
lonLs and laces
W A Lypeface ls a famlly of graphlc characLers LhaL
lncludes many Lype slzes and sLyles (such as 1lmes Arlal
PelveLlca)
W A fonL ls a collecLlon of characLers of a slngle slze
and sLyle belonglng Lo a Lypeface famlly (such as bold
lLallc)
W lonL slzes are ln polnLs 1 polnL 1/72 lnch
(measured from Lop Lo boLLom of descenders ln caplLal leLLer)
W xhelghL ls Lhe helghL of Lhe lower case leLLer x
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 9
Leadlng and kernlng
CompuLers can
W ad[usL Lhe llne spaclng (called leadlng)
leadlng
and
W Lhe space beLween palrs of leLLers
called kernlng
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 10
Pypermedla and PyperLexL
W nypet meJlo provldes a sLrucLure of llnks
W nypettext words are llnked Lo oLher elemenLs
W PyperLexL ls usually searchable by sofLware roboLs
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 11
Pypermedla SLrucLures
Pypermedla elemenLs are called Jes
nodes are connecLed uslng ls
A llnked polnL ls called an ont
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 12
Pypermedla and PyperLexL
W oug LnglebarL lnvenLor of mouse
W 1963 1ed nelson colned Lhe word
hyperLexL"
W CompuLerbased hyperLexL sysLems wlll
fundamenLally alLer Lhe way humans Lhlnk
approach llLeraLure and Lhe expresslon of
ldeas
W PoLllnks lead user from one reference Lo
anoLher
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 13
uslng PyperLexL
W Searchlng for words
boolean search uslng An C8 nC1
LruncaLlon uslng only parL of word such as geo
mlghL yleld resulL wlLh geology geography
Ceorge eLc
W Search englnes employ roboLs" Lo vlslL web
pages and creaLe lndexes
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 14
PyperLexL 1ools
W 8ulldlng or auLhorlng
bullder creaLes llnks ldenLlfles nodes generaLes
an lndex of words
W 8eadlng
boLh llnear and lncreaslngly nonllnear
W 8ecomlng more comforLable wlLh nonllnear
hyperLexL sysLems wlll change Lhe way we
Lhlnk
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 13
Mll vs lglLal Audlo
W Mll ( Muslcal lnsLrumenL lglLal lnLerface) ls
a communlcaLlons sLandard developed ln Lhe
1980's for elecLronlc lnsLrumenLs and
compuLers
W lL allows lnsLrumenLs from dlfferenL
manufacLurers Lo communlcaLe
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 16
Mll vs lglLal Audlo
W Mll daLa ls nC1 dlglLlzed sound lL ls muslc sLored ln
numerlc formaL
W lglLal audlo ls a recordlng whlch depend on your
sound sysLem
W Mll ls a snte and depends on boLh Lhe quallLy of
Lhe lnsLrumenLs and Lhe sound sysLem
W ;uallLy depends on end user's devlce raLher Lhan on
Lhe Mll devlce and ls devlce dependenL
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 17
Mll
W A Mll flle ls a llsL of commands LhaL are
recordlngs of muslcal acLlons LhaL when senL
Lo a Mll player resulLs ln sound
W Mll daLa ls devlce dependenL
W Mll represenLs muslcal lnsLrumenLs and ls
noL easlly used Lo playback spoken dlalog
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 18
lglLal Audlo
W lglLal audlo ls a represenLaLlon of Lhe
orlglnal sound
W Sampllng raLe ls measured ln klloherLz
(kPz)
Cllck Lo play
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 19
lglLal Audlo
W lglLal audlo represenLs a sound sLored ln
Lhousands of numbers or samples
W lglLal daLa represenLs Lhe loudness aL
dlscreLe sllces of Llme
W lL ls nC1 devlce dependenL and should
sound Lhe same each Llme lL ls played
W lL ls used for muslc C's
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 20
Mll AdvanLages
W Mll flle are much more compacL and Lake
up less memory and sysLem resources
W Mll flles embedded ln web pages load and
play much fasLer Lhan dlglLal
W ?ou can change Lhe lengLh of a Mll flle by
varylng lLs Lempo
W WlLh hlgh quallLy Mll devlces Mll flles
may acLually sound beLLer Lhan dlglLal
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 21
Mll lsadvanLages
W Mll represenLs muslcal lnsLrumenLs noL
sounds and wlll be accuraLe only lf your
playback devlce ls ldenLlcal Lo Lhe producLlon
devlce
W Mll sound ls lnconslsLenL
W Mll cannoL be easlly used Lo reproduce
speech
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 22
lglLal Audlo AdvanLages
W lglLal audlo sound ls conslsLenL and devlce
lndependenL
W A wlde selecLlon of sofLware supporL ls
avallable for boLh MAC and C
W A knowledge of muslc Lheory ls noL requlred
for creaLlng dlglLal audlo buL usually ls
needed for Mll producLlon
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 23
Maklng SLlll lmages
W SLllls are drawn ln one of Lwo ways and
are usually compressed
8lLmaps
vecLordrawn graphlcs
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 24
8lLmaps
W 8lLmap ls derlved from Lhe words 'blL'
whlch means Lhe slmplesL elemenL ln
whlch only Lwo dlglLs are used and 'map'
whlch ls a Lwodlmenslonal maLrlx of Lhese
blLs
W A blLmap ls a daLa maLrlx descrlblng Lhe
lndlvldual doLs of an lmage
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 23
8l1MAS
W A slmple lnformaLlon maLrlx descrlblng Lhe
doLs or plxels whlch make up Lhe lmage
W Make lL wlLh palnL or drawlng program
W Crab lL and (save lL) Lhen pasLe lL lnLo you
appllcaLlon
W Scan or dlglLlze an lmage
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 26
vecLor rawlng
W used for llnes recLangles geomeLrlc ob[ecLs sLored
maLhemaLlcally
W CA ( compuLed alded deslgn) programs creaLed
complex and geomeLrlc renderlngs needed by
archlLecLs and englneers
W Craphlc arLlsLs use vecLor graphlcs Lo ellmlnaLe Lhe
[aggles"
W rograms for 3 anlmaLlon use vecLor graphlcs for
roLaLlonsplnnlng and shadlng
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 27
Pow vecLor rawlng Works
W vecLor drawn ob[ecL are drawn Lo Lhe compuLer
screen uslng a fracLlon of Lhe memory space
requlred by a blLmap
W A vecLor ls a llne descrlbed by lLs endpolnLs and
someLlmes dlrecLlon
W A recLangle mlghL be descrlbed as
8LC1 0 0200 200
SLarLs aL 00 and exLends 200 plxels horlzonLally and 200
plxels downward from Lhe corner ( a square)
8LC1 0 0200 200 red blue
1hls ls Lhe same square wlLh a red border fllled wlLh blue
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 28
vecLor rawn vs 8lLmaps
W Colored square as a vecLor conLalns 30 byLes of
daLa
W 1he same square as a blLmapped lmage would Lake
3000 byLes Lo descrlbe ( 200x200)/8) and uslng 236
colors would requlre 40k as a blLmap
((200x 200) / 8 x 8)
W vecLor ob[ecLs are easlly scalable
W SomeLlmes a slngle blLmap glves beLLer performance
Lhan many vecLor lmages requlred Lo make Lhe same
lmage
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 29
vecLors vs 8lLmaps
vecLor drawlngs are easlly scaled
vecLor flles are usually smaller
CalculaLlon Llme can draw resources
8lLmaps cannoL easlly be converLed Lo
vecLor
vecLor drawlngs requlre pluglns
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 30
3 rawlng and 8enderlng
W rawlng ln 3 on 2 2 surface or screen Lakes
pracLlce and sklll
W SofLware helps Lo render ( or represenL) Lhe lmage ln
vlsual form buL Lhese programs have a sLeep
learnlng curve
W Cb[ecL ln 3 space carry many properLles shape
color LexLure locaLlon and a scene ofLen conLalns
many ob[ecLs
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 31
lLherlng
W lLherlng ls a process where Lhe color value of
each plxel ls changes Lo Lhe closesL maLchlng color
value ln Lhe LargeL paleLLe uslng a maLhemaLlcal
algorlLhm
W lL averages" Lhe color over an area and ls usually
close Lo Lhe orlglnal color
W lLherlng sofLware ls usually bullL lnLo lmage
edlLlng and mulLlmedla programs
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 32
rlnclples of AnlmaLlon
W Cel AnlmaLlon
eyftomes ldenLlfy Lhe sLarL and end of acLlon
1he process of fllllng ln Lhe acLlon ls called
tweel
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 33
AnlmaLlon 1echnlques
W Cel AnlmaLlon
1he Lechnlque made famous by lsney
rogresslvely dlfferenL graphlcs on each frame of
movle fllm
Clear cellulold sheeLs were used Lo draw each
frame
( 24 frames/sec * 60 sec/mln) 1440 separaLe
frames needed Lo produce one mlnuLe of a movle
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 34
AnlmaLlon 1echnlques
W Cel AnlmaLlon
8eglns wlLh keyframes (flrsL and lasL frames of an
acLlon)
1weenlng Lhe serles of frames drawn ln beLween
Lhe flrsL and lasL
Crlglnally hand drawn and fllpped" Lhrough Lo
check Lhe moLlon"
now replaced by compuLer generaLed graphlcs
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 33
rlnclples of AnlmaLlon
W CompuLer AnlmaLlon
lemotlns ls Lhe sLudy of moLlon of [olnLed
sLrucLures
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 36
klnemaLlcs
W SLudy of movemenL and moLlon of sLrucLures LhaL
have [olnLs (such as a person or a walklng dog)
W Complex need Lo calculaLe poslLlon veloclLy
roLaLlon and acceleraLlon of all [olnL and body
parLs lnvolved
W lnverse klnemaLlcs process of llnklng ob[ecLs
LogeLher and deflne Lhelr relaLlonshlps and llmlLs
and Lhen drag Lhe parLs and leL Lhe compuLer
calculaLe Lhe resulL ( for example connecL hands and arms
and benL Lhe elbow ln varlous dlrecLlons)
W lracLal eslgn's oser a 3 modellng program
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 37
Morphlng
W A speclal effecL ln whlch one lmage Lransforms
lnLo anoLher
W rocess lnvolves connecLlng a serles of key
polnLs whlch are mapped from Lhe sLarL
lmage Lo Lhe end lmage Lo make a smooLh
LranslLlon
W ( See p328)
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 38
vldeo
W vldeo ls Lhe mosL recenL addlLlon Lo Lhe
elemenLs of mulLlmedla
W lL places Lhe greaLesL demands on Lhe
compuLer and memory (uslng abouL 108 C8
per hour for full moLlon)
W CfLen requlres addlLlonal hardware (vldeo
compresslon board audlo board 8Al
8edundanL Array of lndependenL lsks for
hlgh speed daLa Lransfer)
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 39
uslng lglLal vldeo
W lglLal vldeo has replaced analog as Lhe
meLhod of cholce for maklng and dellverlng
vldeo for mulLlmedla
W lglLal vldeo devlce produces excellenL
flnlshed producLs aL a fracLlon of Lhe cosL of
analog
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 40
Pow vldeo Works
W lf each channel of a color slgnal ls separaLe lL
ls called 8C8 ( preferred)
W A slngle composlLe of Lhe colors and sync
slgnal ls less preclse
W A Lyplcal vldeo Lape has separaLe Lracks for
audlo vldeo and conLrol
W ( See p 180)
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 41
8roadcasL vldeo SLandards
W n1SC
W AL
W SLCAM
W P1v
Slx dlfferenL formaLs
AspecL raLlo ls 169
MulLlmedla_AppllcaLlons_7Lh_Sem 42
8roadcasL vldeo SLandards
naLlonal 1elevlslon SLandards CommlLLee
(n1SC)
1hese sLandards deflne a meLhod for encodlng
lnformaLlon lnLo elecLronlc slgnal LhaL creaLes a
Lelevlslon plcLure
lL has screen resoluLlon of 323 horlzonLal scan
llnes and a scan raLe of 30 frames per second