DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : Dr. BYRI PRABHAKAR
Designation : Sr. Lecturer
Branch : D.C.C.P
Institute : SRRS Govt. Polytechnic, Sircilla
Year/Semester : IV Semester
Subject : Quantitative Techniques-II
Subject Code : CCP – 403
Topic : Matrices
Duration : 50 min.
Sub Topic : Multiplication of Matrices
Teaching aids : PPT, Animations

CCP403.70 1
Objectives

On completion of this period, you would

be able to know:
 The Transpose of a Matrix
 Solve the problems of Transpose of Matrices

CCP403.70 2
Recap

In the last class we have learnt

 The Multiplication of Matrices
 The procedure for multiplication
 The properties of multiplication

CCP403.70 3
Known to Unknown
Is it possible to find A 3x2 x B 3x2 ?
 No.
 why?
 The columns of A is not equal to no. of rows of B
Matrix multiplication is commutative or not?
 No, It is not commutative i.e. A x B ≠ B x A
 Let us learn inter changing the rows and columns

CCP403.70 4
Transportation of a Matrix

Definition :
 The matrix obtained from any given matrix A by
interchanging its rows and columns is called the
transpose of the matrix A.
 The transpose of a given matrix is a matrix
obtained by interchanging its rows and columns.
 It is denoted by A’ or AT
Example: A =  1 2 3 AT =  1 4
   
 4 5 6  32  2 5
 3 6
  32
CCP403.70 5
Properties of transposed matrix

If A and B are matrices of same order

then (A+B)T = AT+BT
Ex. A =  1 4  B =  8 4
   
 3 2  3 6

 1 8 3  3   9 8
A+B =    
 3  3 2  6   6 8 
 9 6
(A+B)T =  
 8 8 

CCP403.70 6
Properties of a Transpose of a Matrix contd

 1 3  8 3
A 
T
 B 
T

 4 2  4 6
 1 8 3  3 
A B 
T T

 4  4 2  6
 9 6
= 
 8 8
 ( A  B )T  AT  BT

CCP403.70 7
Properties of a Transpose of a Matrix contd

If A is m x p and B is p x n matrix the (AB)T = BT AT

Ex : A = 5 4 ; B = 1 4
2 3 3 2
A x B = 17 28  (AB)T = 17 11
11 14 28 14
BT = 1 3 , A T = 5 2
4 2 4 3
BTAT = 1 3 5 2 = 17 11
4 2 4 3 28 14
Hence (AB)T = BTAT
Similarly (ABC)T = CTBTAT
CCP403.70 8
Properties of a Transpose of a Matrix contd

Transpose of “Transpose of a Matrix “ is equal to

given matrix it self
i.e. (AT)T = A

 2 4  2 5
A  A 
T

 5 6  4 6
 2 4
(A )  
T T
 A
 5 6

CCP403.70 9
Symmetric Matrix
 If a square matrix is equal to its transpose, it is
called a Symmetric Matrix (i.e. aij = aji where ‘i’
is row ‘j’ is column)

AT = A = Symmetric Matrix

 1 3 5  1 3 5
Ex :    
 3 8 2 T  3 8 2  =
A =   A =  5 2 4 A
 5 2 4  

CCP403.70 10
Skew Symmetric Matrix
If the transpose of a matrix is equal to its additive
inverse (-A), it is called skew symmetric matrix
∴ i.e. AT = -A (i.e. aij = -aji for all values of a i
and j)
 0 2 4 
 
A   2 0 1 
 4 1 0
 
 0 2 4   0 2 -4 
   
AT   2 0 1   (-1)  -2 0 -1   (1)  A   A
 4 1 0   -4 -1 0 
   

CCP403.70 11
Example :4

If  1 1 0   4 1 0
   
A   2 1 3  and B   2 3 1 
 4 1 8  1 1 1
   
Then verify (A+B) T = AT + BT
Sol :  1  4 1  1 0  0   5 0 0 
   
A  B   2  2 1  3 3  1    0 2 4 
 4 1 11 8 1   5 2 7 
   
 5 0 5
 
A  B   0 2 2 
T T

 0 4 7
 
CCP403.70 12
Solution contd

 1 2 4  4 2 1 
   
A   1 1 1 
T
B   1 3 1 
T

 0 3 8  0 1 1
   
 5 0 5
 
A  B   0 2
T T
2   ( A  B)T

 0 4 7
 

CCP403.70 13
Example :5
 1 2
 1 1 2  
Verify that B A =(AB) when: A  
T T T
 B  2 0
2 1 0  
   1 1 
 
Solution:

 1 2
 1 2 1  
B 
T
 A   1 1
T

 2 0 1  23  2 0
  32
 1 2  2 2  2  0  1 4 
B A 
T T
  
 2  0  2 4  0  0  4 4

CCP403.70 14
Solution contd

 1 2  2 2  0  2  1 4
( AB)     
 2  2  0 4  0  0  4 4
 1 4
 ( AB)  
T

 4 4
 ( AB)  B A
T T T

CCP403.70 15
Summary
Today We have discussed
 The Transpose of a matrix
 It properties
 (A+B)T = AT + BT
 (AB)T = BT AT
 (AT)T = A
 Symmetric Matrix
A = AT
 Skew Symmetric Matrix
AT = -A

CCP403.70 16
Quiz

1. The transpose of a matrix is obtained by

Interchanging the rows and columns
______________

CCP403.70 17
Quiz

2. A Symmetric Matrix means which is equal to its

transpose
a) True
b) False

CCP403.70 18
Quiz
3. (AT)T =
-A
A
 AT
 None of the above

CCP403.70 19
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Define the terms
 Transpose of a matrix
 Symmetric Matrix
 Skew Symmetric Matrix
2. What are the properties of Transposed Matrices?

CCP403.70 20
Assignment
 3 4  1 3  4 2
1. If A   8 2
 B  C  
  2 4  5 3

Prove that (ABC)T = CT BT AT

CCP403.70 21