DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : P. Anuradha
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg
Institute : G.P.W.BML, Visakhapatnam Dist
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Electronics Circuits – 1
Subject Code : EC-302
Topic : Transistor Amplifiers
Duration : 50 Mnts
Sub Topic : C. B. Amplifier.
Teaching Aids : Diagrams
EC302.16 1
OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period, you would be able to

• Understand the concept of amplifier

EC302.16 2
What is an amplifier?

• Amplifier raises the level of a weak signal.

• No change in the wave shape.

• No change in the frequency of the input signal

EC302.16 3
Why we need Amplification?

• The signal is generally the o/p of a transducer like

microphone, thermo couple.

• It is very weak.

• It must be amplified before feeding to the loud speaker etc.

EC302.16 4
Block diagram of an Amplifier

EC302.16 5
 Different stages of an amplifier

• Input Signal : Output of a microphone or thermocouple

or pressure gauge

• Amplifier : Any active device like transistor which

increases signal level

• Load : A loud speaker in an audio amplifier, a

motor in a servo amplifier etc

EC302.16 6
AMPLIFICATION

• The process of strengthing a weak signal is known as

amplification.

EC302.16 7
Different Configurations of Transistor

• Common Base Configuration

• Common Emitter Configuration

• Common Collector Configuration

EC302.16 8
C.B.Configuration

• Base terminal is common for both input and output.

• Input signal is applied across emitter and base

terminals.

• Output is taken across collector and base terminals.

EC302.16 9
 C.E.Configuration

• Emitter terminal is common for both input and output.

• Input signal is applied across base and emitter terminals.

• Output is taken across collector and emitter terminals

EC302.16 10
C.C.Configuration

• Collector terminal is common for both input and

output.
• Input signal is applied across base and collector
terminals.
• Output is taken across emitter and collector
terminals.

EC302.16 11
In how many regions a transistor can be operated?

1. Cut off region

2. Active region

3. Saturation region

EC302.16 12
Cutoff region
Emitter junction & Collector junction are in
Reverse Biased

Active region
Emitter junction Forward Biased & Collector
junction Reverse Biased

Saturation region
Emitter junction & Collector Junction are in
Forward Biased

EC302.16 13
When a transistor is to be used as an amplifier it

must be operated in Active region.

EC302.16 14
C.B.Amplifier using NPN Transistor

EC302.16 15
Working of C.B.Amplifier

• VEE forward biases B-E junction

• VCC reverse biases C-B junction

• When there is no signal the output would be zero

• During +ve half cycle F.B is reduced and hence Ie is reduced

• Ic also decreases and hence IcRc drop also decreases

• The output Vcb increases as

• Vcb = Vcc -IcRc

No phase reversal between input and output
EC302.16 16
Salient points of C.B.Amplifier

• Very low input resistance (20Ω - 150 Ω).

• Very high output resistance (5k Ω - 500k Ω).

• Large voltage gain (≅1500).

• Low current gain(α < 1).

• No phase reversal .

• High stability of Ic with temperature changes .

EC302.16 17
Applications of C.B.Amplifier

• Used for matching low impedance circuit to a high

impedance circuit

• Not used for as an amplifier due to low current gain.

EC302.16 18
SUMMARY

We have discussed about

• Concept of Amplifier

• Various transistor configurations

• Various operating modes of transistor

• C.B.Configuration as Amplifier

EC302.16 19
QUIZ

EC302.16 20
The transistor should be operated in ---------
region to work as amplifier.

A. Active Region

B. Saturation Region

C. Cutoff Region

D. All regions

EC302.16 21
The phase difference between input and output of
a C.B. Amplifier is

A. 90°

B. 180°

C. 270°

D. 360°

EC302.16 22
The current gain of a C.B Amplifier is

A. Less than 1

B. More than 1

C. High

D. Very high

EC302.16 23
 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

1. Discuss the various transistor Amplifier

Configuration

2 Draw the circuit of C.B.Amplifier and explain

its working.

EC302.16 24