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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : K.Ganesh.
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg.
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic, Warangal.
Year/Semester : III semester
Subject : Digital Electronics
Subject Code : EC-304 (6/15)
Topic : Combinational Logic Circuits
Duration : 100 min
Sub Topic : 4-bit parallel Adder
Teaching Aids : Animation & images.

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Objectives:

On completion of this period, you will be


able to understand

• Implementation of 4-bit Parallel Adder using Full


Adders.

• Working of 4-bit Parallel Adder using Full Adders.

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Recap
• What is a half adder?

• A Half-Adder is a logic circuit that adds 2-binary bits.

• What is full adder?

• A Full-Adder is a logic circuit that adds 3-binary bits.

• For both Full-Adder and Half-Adders there are two out


puts Known as Sum and Carry.

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Truth Table of full adder

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4- Bit Parallel Adder Using Full Adders

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4-bit parallel adder
• A binary adder is a logic circuit that can add two binary
numbers.
• The binary operation performed by the 4-bit parallel
adder can be explained with the help of below example.
Example:
Let the two binary numbers that are to be added are
C3 C2 C1 C0 Ci
A3 A2 A1 A0 Ai
B3 B2 B1 B0 Bi
S3 S2 S1 S0 Si
CS CR Cq CP Ci+1
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Here,

• A3 A2 A1 A0 = Ai is known as Augend.

• Bi = B3 B2 B1 B0 is known as Addend.

• Si = S3 S2 S1 S0 is known as sum.

• Ci = C0 C1 C2 C3 is known as input carry.

• Ci+1 = Cp Cq Cr Cs is known as output carry.

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4-bit parallel Adder using Full Adders:

Fig. 1

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• Fig 1 shows the inter connection of four full adders (FA)
to implement a 4-bit parallel binary adder.

• An n bit adder requires n Full Adders with each output


carry connected to the input carry of the next higher
order Full Adder.

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Working of 4-bit parallel adder using Full Adders

• The working can be explained with two binary numbers


that are to be added are

A = 1 0 1 1 , B = 0 0 1 1 And
input carry Ci = 0 1 1 0

• For the Full Adder (0) inputs are A0=1, B0=1 and
C0=0.

• It produces S0=sum=0; carry C1=1

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• For the Full Adder(1) inputs are A1 = 1, B1= 1
and the carry from the Full Adder 1 is C1=1.

• It produces S1= sum = 1, carry C2=1.

• For the third Full Adder(2) inputs are A2=0,B2=0,C2=1.


• It produces S2= sum =1 and carry C3= 0.

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• Similarly for the fourth Full Adder (3)inputs are A3=1 ,
B3=0 and C3=0.
• It produces sum = S3=1 and carry = C4 =0

The above operation of 4-bit parallel Adder is shown in


Table 1.

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If input carry = 0 1 1 0 = Ci

Augend = 1 0 1 1 = Ai

Addend = 0 0 1 1 = Bi

Sum = 1 1 1 0 = Si

Output carry = 0 0 1 1 = Ci+1

Table 1

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Symbol of binary adder

Fig 2
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• As shown in symbol of binary adder A and B are added
to get a sum of S plus a final carry.

• By using more full adders, we can build binary adders of


any length.

• For example to add 16-bit numbers we need 16 Full


Adders.

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Summary

We have discussed

3. Implementation of 4-bit parallel Adder using Full Adders.

4. Working of 4-bit parallel Adder using Full Adders .

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QUIZ

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• A logic circuit that can add two numbers

(a) Binary Adder

(b) Sub tractor

(c) Inverter

(d) None

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• A logic circuit that accept 2 bits as input and
produce their Sum and Carry outputs

(a) Half Adder

(b) Full Adder

(c) Multiplier

(d) All of the above

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3. A logic circuit that accepts two one bit signals and a
carry in as inputs and produces their sum and carry
as outputs

(a) Half Adder

(b) Full Adder

(c) Both a and b

(d) None

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4. An Adder circuit for adding multi bit numbers and
accepting all the bits simultaneously

(a) serial adder

(b) parallel adder

(c) both a and b

(d) None

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. Implement 4-Bit parallel adder by using full adders.

3. Explain the working of 4-bit parallel adder by using full


adders with a neat sketch.

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