DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : N. Markandeya Gupta.
Designation : Lecturer.
Branch : ECE.
Institute : BPTC, Bapatla.
Semester : Third.
Subject : Analog communication.
Code : EC-305.
Topic : Angle modulation.
Sub-topic : Phase modulation.
Duration : 50Mts.
Teaching Aids : PPT.

EC-305.30 1
Objectives

Upon the completion of this period you will be able to

understand.

• Phase modulation.
• Expression for phase modulation.
• Differences between PM &FM.

EC-305.30 2
Phase modulation

•Phase of the carrier wave is changed in accordance with the

instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal is called Phase
Modulation

• Possible to obtain frequency modulation from PM by using

Armstrong system. PM is also called as indirect FM.

EC-305.30 3
Recap

• Mention the types of analog modulation ?

EC-305.30 4
Expression for PM

The angle modulated wave is represented by

vc= Vc sin(ωct+ θ)

The modulating signal is given by

em= Vm Sin ωmt

EC-305.30 5
 The expression for PM wave is

v= Vc sin(ωct+ Φm Sin ωmt )

where Φm is Maximum Phase deviation and is proportional to

the maximum amplitude of modulating signal.

Φm proportional to Vm
Φm=kpVm
where kp=Phase sensitivity.

EC-305.30 6
 The above equation can also be written as

v = Vc sin(ωct+ mp Sin ωmt )

Where,
mp= Φm = modulation index of Phase modulation.

mp= Kp Vm

EC-305.30 7
Fig (a). un modulated carrier (b). modulating signal

(c). Frequency modulated wave (d). Phase modulated wave

EC-305.30 8
 Comparison between FM & PM

Frequencymodulation Phase modulation

1. Frequency of the carrier
wave varied in accordance
with the amplitude of the
modulating signal.
1. Phase of the carrier
wave is changed in
accordance with the
instantaneous amplitude
of the modulating signal.

EC-305.30 9
2. Frequency deviation is
proportional to only the
amplitude of the modulating
signal and independent of
its carrier frequency.
2. Phase deviation is
proportional both
amplitude of the
modulating signal and
its carrier frequency.

3. Modulation index is 3. Modulation index is

proportional to deviation, proportional to
inversely proportional to modulating signal
modulating frequency. voltage only.

EC-305.30 10
 FM
4. Maximum deviation
occurs at the peak positive
and negative amplitudes of
the modulating signal.
5. Less noisy than PM.
3. Pre-emphasis & De-
emphasis circuits are
used.
5. Frequency modulation
is a direct method of
producing FM.
EC-305.30
PM
4. Maximum amount of
phase shift occurs at the
zero crossings of
modulating signal.
5. More noisy than FM.
3. An audio equalizer is
used to compensate
PM.
5. PM is indirect method
of producing FM
11
NOTE
• when modulating frequency is changed, the PM modulation
index remain constant where as in the FM modulation index
will increase as modulation frequency is reduced.

• FM and PM are not distinguishable for a single modulating

frequency. These are differed when modulating frequency is
varied.

EC-305.30 12
 Summary

We discussed about

• PM

• PM expression

• Differences between FM & PM

EC-305.30 13
 Quiz

1.In PM, which parameter of carrier is varied.

a. amplitude
b. frequency
c. phase

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2. A varying phase shift produce an
frequency deviation.

(True / False)

EC-305.30 15
3.The FM produced by a phase modulator is know as

a. direct FM
b. AM
c. Indirect FM

EC-305.30 16
 Frequently asked questions

1.Define phase modulation?

2. Derive the expression for PM with wave forms?

3.Give the differences between PM & FM?

4. Define modulation index and phase deviation?

EC-305.30 17