laLallLles by 8oad AccldenLs

W ueaLhs due Lo road

accldenLs
W 12 Mllllon eople ule
each year ln car
accldenLs
W lndla 196443
W Source WPC sLaLlsLlcs
@lmellne Cf vehlcle SafeLy
W 1899llrsL recorded Lrafflc faLallLy PP 8llss ls hlL and kllled by a horseless carrlage
ln new ?ork ClLy
W 1901Cldsmoblles are Lhe flrsL Lo feaLure speedomeLers
W 1924llrsL car wlLh safeLy glass wlndows as sLandard equlpmenL ls offered by
Cadlllac
W 192Suelco8emy produces Lhe flrsL elecLrlc wlndshleld wlper so LhaL wlper speed
could be malnLalned regardless of englne speed
W 1939@he lndusLrys flrsL elecLrlc Lurn slgnals developed by CM gulde lamp dlvlslon
(lnLroduced on Lhe markeL by 8ulck)
W 19S1Mercedes8enz paLenLs crumple zone concepL Lo proLecL vehlcle occupanLs
W 19SSSafeLy door laLches Lo help prevenL doors from belng forced open ln colllslons
are made sLandard equlpmenL on nearly all cars
W 19S9volvo flrsL manufacLurer Lo lnclude fronL seaL lapshoulder belLs as sLandard
equlpmenL
W 1974Ceneral MoLors produces Lhe flrsL alrbags
W 2009volvo offers ClLySafe auLomaLlc braklng sysLem LhaL auLomaLlcally applles Lhe
brakes Lo prevenL an accldenL lf Lhe drlver falls Lo reacL
AuLomoblle SafeLy leaLures
W AcLlve SafeLy leaLures used Lo refer Lo
Lechnology asslsLlng ln Lhe prevenLlon of a
crash eg vehlcle headlamps reflecLors
mlrrors brakes sLeerlng and suspenslon
sysLems
W asslve SafeLy leaLures used Lo refer
componenLs of Lhe vehlcle LhaL help Lo
proLecL occupanLs durlng a crash eg alrbags
seaLbelLs physlcal sLrucLure of vehlcle
PLAuLAM 8LlLLC@C8S
PlS@C8?
W @he flrsL vehlcle headlamps
were offlclally lnLroduced
durlng Lhe 1880s and were
based on aceLylene and oll
W @he flrsL elecLrlc headlamp
was produced by Lhe
LlecLrlc vehlcle Company
based ln ParLford
ConnecLlcuL ln 1898
LlghL 8eflecLors Mlrrors
W vehlcles are equlpped wlLh
a varleLy of llghLs and
reflecLors Lo mark Lhelr
presence poslLlon wldLh
lengLh and dlrecLlon of
Lravel as well as Lo convey
Lhe drlvers lnLenL and
acLlons Lo oLher drlvers
W @hese lnclude Lhe vehlcles
headlamps fronL and rear
poslLlon lamps slde marker
llghLs and reflecLors Lurn
slgnals sLop (brake) lamps
and reverslng lamps
SAlL@? CLASS
PlS@C8?
W lnvenLor Ldouard
8enedlcLus
W ?ear1903
W lrench SclenLlsL
LamlnaLed Wlndshlelds
W lL remalns ln one plece
when lmpacLed
prevenLlng peneLraLlon
of unbelLed occupanLs
heads and malnLalnlng
a mlnlmal buL adequaLe
Lransparency for conLrol
of Lhe car lmmedlaLely
followlng a colllslon
WlnuSPlLLu WlL8
PlS@C8?
W Mary Anderson
W 1903 Wlndow cleanlng
devlce
W AuLomaLlc wlndshleld
wlpers were lnvenLed ln
1921
W @he elecLrlc verslon
aLLached Lo Lhe Lop of Lhe
wlndshleld was creaLed
by 8osch ln 1926
WlnuSPlLLu WlL8
W A w|ndscreen
w|per or w|ndsh|e|d
w|per ls a devlce used Lo
remove raln and debrls
from a wlndscreen or
wlndshleld AlmosL
all moLor vehlcles
lncludlng Lralns alrcrafL and
waLercrafL are equlpped
wlLh such wlpers whlch are
usually a legal requlremenL
C8uMLL ZCnL
PlS@C8?
W lnvenLor 8ela 8arenyl
W ?ear1932
W Worked for Mercedes
8enz
W loneered Lhe ldea LhaL
passengers were safer ln
a vehlcle LhaL was
deslgned Lo easlly absorb
Lhe energy from an
lmpacL and keep LhaL
energy away from Lhe
people lnslde Lhe cabln
Crumple Zones
W lL absorb and dlsslpaLe
Lhe force of a colllslon
dlsplaclng and dlverLlng
lL away from Lhe
passenger
comparLmenL and
reduclng Lhe
deceleraLlon lmpacL
force on Lhe vehlcle
occupanLs
SAlL@? 8LL@
PlS@C8?
W lnvenLorLdward ! Pock
W ?ear1939
W Pe sald LhaL mosL
people ln[ured or kllled
ln car crashes dld noL
susLaln damage from
Lhe car lLself crashlng
buL lnsLead ln[urlng
Lhemselves by hlLLlng
Lhe lnslde of Lhe car"
SeaL 8elL
W lL llmlL Lhe forward moLlon
of an occupanL sLreLch Lo
absorb energy Lo lengLhen
Lhe Llme of Lhe occupanLs
deceleraLlon ln a crash
reduclng Lhe loadlng on Lhe
occupanLs body
W @hey prevenL occupanLs
belng e[ecLed from Lhe
vehlcle and ensure LhaL
Lhey are ln Lhe correcL
poslLlon for Lhe operaLlon of
Lhe alrbags
Al88AC
PlS@C8?
W lnvenLor !ohn W PeLrlck
W ?ear1933
W uS paLenL 2649311 for a
safeLy cushlon assembly
for auLomoLlve vehlcles
lL was Lhe flrsL modern
alrbag
Alrbag
W lL ls an occupanL
resLralnL conslsLlng of a
flexlble envelope
deslgned Lo lnflaLe
rapldly durlng an
auLomoblle colllslon Lo
prevenL occupanLs from
sLrlklng lnLerlor ob[ecLs
such as Lhe sLeerlng
wheel or a wlndow
vehlcle Colour
W A Swedlsh sLudy found LhaL plnk cars are lnvolved ln Lhe fewesL and
black cars are lnvolved ln Lhe mosL crashes A sLudy found LhaL
Lhere was a slgnlflcanLly lower raLe of serlous ln[ury ln sllver cars
wlLh hlgher raLes ln brown black and green cars
W @he sLudy analysed rlsk by llghL condlLlon lL found LhaL ln dayllghL
black cars were 12 more llkely Lhan whlLe Lo be lnvolved ln an
accldenL followed by grey cars aL 11 sllver cars aL 10 and red
and blue cars aL 7 wlLh no oLher colors found Lo be slgnlflcanLly
more or less rlsky Lhan whlLe AL dawn or dusk Lhe rlsk raLlo for
black cars [umped Lo 47 more llkely Lhan whlLe and LhaL for sllver
cars Lo 13 ln Lhe hours of darkness only red and sllver cars were
found Lo be slgnlflcanLly more rlsky Lhan whlLe by 10 and 8
respecLlvely
AuvAnCLu SAlL@? lLA@u8LS
An@l LCCk 88AklnC S?S@LM
AnLl Lock 8raklng SysLem
W lL ls a safeLy sysLem LhaL
allows Lhe wheels on
a moLor vehlcle Lo conLlnue
lnLeracLlng LracLlvely wlLh
Lhe road surface as dlrecLed
by drlver sLeerlng lnpuLs
whlle braklng prevenLlng
Lhe wheels from locklng up
(LhaL ls ceaslng roLaLlon)
and Lherefore
avoldlng sklddlng
lnfrared nlghL vlslon
W lL ls a sysLem Lo
lncrease a drlvers
percepLlon and seelng
dlsLance ln darkness or
poor weaLher beyond
Lhe reach of Lhe
vehlcles headllghLs
arklng sensors
W LlecLromagneLlc Cnce
deLecLed Lhe obsLacle lf
Lhe vehlcle momenLarlly
sLops on lLs approach Lhe
sensor conLlnues Lo glve
slgnal of presence of Lhe
obsLacle
W ulLrasonlc @he sensors
measure Lhe Llme Laken
for each sound pulse Lo
be reflecLed back Lo Lhe
recelver
8ear vlew Cameras
W lL ls a speclal Lype
of vldeo camera LhaL ls
produced speclflcally
for Lhe purpose of belng
aLLached Lo Lhe rear of a
vehlcle Lo ald ln backlng
up
AuLonomous Crulse ConLrol SysLem
W @hese sysLems use
elLher a
radar or laser seLup
allowlng Lhe vehlcle Lo
slow when approachlng
anoLher vehlcle and
acceleraLe agaln Lo Lhe
preseL speed when
Lrafflc allows
Lane ueparLure Warnlng SysLem
W lL ls a mechanlsm
deslgned Lo warn a
drlver when Lhe vehlcle
beglns Lo move ouL of
lLs lane (unless a Lurn
slgnal ls on ln LhaL
dlrecLlon) on freeways
@yre ressure MonlLorlng SysLem
W lL ls Lhe use of a pressure sensor dlrecLly
mounLed on Lhe wheels or Llres of a
vehlcle @he pressure lnslde Lhe Llre ls
measured uslng a pressure Lransducer wlLh
Lhe pressure lnformaLlon belng subsequenLly
senL Lo Lhe vehlcle Lo warn Lhe drlver of under
or over lnflaLlon of a Llre
LlecLronlc SLablllLy ConLrol
W lL ls a compuLerlzed Lechnology LhaL may
poLenLlally lmprove Lhe safeLy of a vehlcles
sLablllLy by deLecLlng and mlnlmlzlng
sklds When LSC deLecLs loss of sLeerlng
conLrol lL auLomaLlcally applles Lhe brakes Lo
help sLeer Lhe vehlcle where Lhe drlver
lnLends Lo go
LML8CLnC? 88AkL ASSlS@
W ergency 8rake Ass|st (L8A) ls a safeLy sysLem
ln moLor vehlcles deslgned Lo ensure
maxlmum braklng power ls used ln an emergency
sLop slLuaLlon 8y lnLerpreLlng
Lhe speed and force wlLh whlch Lhe brake pedal ls
pushed Lhe sysLem deLecLs lf Lhe drlver ls Lrylng
Lo execuLe an emergency sLop and lf Lhe brake
pedal ls noL fully applled Lhe sysLem overrldes
and fully applles Lhe brakes unLll Lhe AnLllock
8raklng SysLem (A8S) Lakes over Lo sLop Lhe
wheels locklng up
W L8A ls deslgned Lo deLecL such 'panlc sLops' and
apply maxlmum braklng efforL wlLhln mllllseconds
qulcker Lhan Lhe bllnk of an eye lL lnLerpreLs
braklng behavlour by assesslng Lhe raLe LhaL Lhe
brake pedal ls acLlvaLed
ulrecLlonal Peadlamps
W ulrecLlonal Peadlamps@hese
provlde lmproved llghLlng
for cornerlng Some
auLomoblles have Lhelr
headlamps connecLed Lo
Lhe sLeerlng mechanlsm so Lhe
llghLs wlll follow Lhe
movemenL of Lhe fronL
wheels
W 8aLher Lhan Lhe mechanlcal
llnkages employed ln earller
dlrecLlonalheadlamp sysLems
AlS relles on elecLronlc
sensors Lransducers and
acLuaLors