BY

Gunjan Porwal
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Agenda
About WTO Objective of WTO Functions of WTO The WTO Structure Principles of WTO Key Subjects in WTO

About WTO

World Trade Organization

Location :- Geneva, Switzerland Established: 1 January 1995 Created by : Uruguay Round negotiations (1986-94) Membership :153 countries (in 2011) Head : Director-General, Pascal Lamy

Objectives

The WTO reiterates the objectives of GATT (General Agreement On Trade and Tariffs Raising standard of living and income . Introduce sustainable development. Taking positive steps to ensure that developing countries.

Functions of WTO
Administering and Implementing the multilateral and plurilateral trade agreements. Acting as a forum for multilateral trade negotiations . Seeking to resolve trade disputes. Overseeing national trade policies.

Cooperating with other international institutions.

Maintaining trade related database. Acting as a watchdog of international trade . Technical assistance and training for developing countries.

The WTO Principles

Environment Protection Competition On BoP Treatment For LDCs Rule Based Trading System

Transparency

MFN (Most Favoured Nations) Treatment

Principles Of WTO

National Treatment

Dismantling Trade Barriers

Free Trade Principle

GATT And WTO

GATT 1) Adhoc and provisional 2) Contracting parties WTO 1) Agreement are permanent 2) Members

3) Allowed domestic legislation to 3) Does not permit this continue even of it isolated a GATT agreement 4) Less powerful 5) More powerful

TRIMs & IPR

TRIM
Trade Related Investment Measures refer to certain conditions or restrictions imposed by a government in respect of foreign invetment in the country. These should be consistent with the WTO articles IPR According to WTO, Intellectual Property Rights are the rights given to a person over the creations of their minds Usually give the creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a certain time period

Copyrights,Trade Marks, Geographical indications including appellations of origin etc

Dispute Settlement Mechanism

DSB consists of all WTO members Its functions are:

Establish panels which examine the case of dispute Appoint members of standing appellate body Adopt Reports of panel and appellate body Monitor implementation of rulings and recommendations Authorize sanctions or retaliations measures under WTO agreement Adjudicate cases on Textiles and Clothing if not resolved by Textile Monitoring Body

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Process
Request for Consultation Panel Established Panel Hearings and Examination

Implementation

DSB adopts panel/Appeal Report

Panel Report

Retaliation in cases of non implementation

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WTOs Impact on International Marketing

A] Binding of concessions and commitments Marketing Implications Rights of exporter Security of access to foreign markets 1) Trade in goods 2) Trade in services Right of importer 1) Trade in goods 2) Trade in services

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WTOs Impact on International Marketing

B] Valuation of goods for customs purposes (Agreement on customs Valuation) Marketing Implications Value declared by importer will be accepted for determining value for customs purpose

Rights of importer

1) To expect that importer will be consulted at every stage of valuation

2) To justify in case of doubts 3) To require custom authorities to give in writing the reason of rejection so that higher authorities can be approached

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WTOs Impact on International Marketing

C] Using of pre-shipment inspections services (Agreement on pre-shipment inspection) Marketing Implications Pre-shipment Inspection (PSI) service checks the valuation and speeds up the claearance Exporter of developing country use PSI services have a right 1) To be informed of procedure that PSI companies follow for physical inspection and price verification 2) Expect that complaint regarding prices will be considered by officials in PSI company 3) To appeal to independent review entity when they are satisfied with above officials
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Rights of exporter

WTOs Impact on International Marketing

C] Using of pre-shipment inspections services (Agreement on pre-shipment inspection) Rights of importer 1) PSI speeds up custom clearance and in some cases reduces customrelated corruption 2) Physical inspection by PSI ensures quality and other term of contarcts

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WTOs Impact on International Marketing

D] Import licensing procedures (Agreement on import licensing procedures) Marketing Implications Rights of importer Import licenses should be issued expeditiously 1) Procedure of license issue should conform to the prescribed by agreement 2) Not for clerical and other minor errors in application 2) Licences will be isssued within time period prscribed within the form

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WTOs Impact on International Marketing

E] Rules applicable to exports Reimbursement of indirect taxes borne by exporter products Right of exporter 1) Exempted from payment of, or reimbursed for, custom duties on inputs used in manufacture of expected products 2) Reimbursed by all indirect taxes borne by exported products Export Duties 1) Duties levied will apply same rates to all export destination

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WTOs Impact on International Marketing

F) Anti Dumping and countervailing actions

Right of exporter

1) Exporter alleged to dumping subsidized goods in foreign market will be notified immediately
2) Right to give evidence in defend of these investigation

Right of domestic producer

1) Right to producers accounting for 25% of industry incase when dumping of cheap goods is causing an injury to market

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