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Stainless steel 25 mm
Other types: d = (4A/) A=V/u V=(m/3600)/ u = 2 m/s (typical) Carbon steel: d, optimum = 293G0.53-0.37 Stainless steel: d, optimum = 260G0.52-0.37
32.174 ft/s
(2) Select pipe material (3) Estimate pipe internal diameter (4) Choose economic pipe diameter (5) Determine pipe length
K , number of velocity Fitting/Valve 45 standard elbow 45 long radius elbow 90 standard radius elbow 90 standard long elbow 90 square elbow Tee-entry from leg Tee-entry into leg Union and coupling Sharp reduction (tank outlet) Sudden expansion (tank inlet) fully open open Gate valve open open fully open Globe valve, bevel seat open Plug valve open
Number of equivalent pipe diameters per heads per unit unit 0.35 Range: 0.6 - 0.8 15 0.2 10 0.8 35 0.45 23 1.5 75 1.2 Range: 30 - 40 60 1.8 90 0.04 2 0.5 25 1.0 50 0.15 7.5 16 800 4 200 1 40 6 300 8.5 450 0.4 18
Unit I O
1 1
1 Total:
z1
1.00 m
P1
2
Take 2 m/s, typical velocity for liquid. A = /4 (d 0.001m/1mm) v = u A 3600s/1h Re = ( u d) / Refer to data in Appendix Relative roughness, e = absolute roughness/d f = 0.04Re-0.16 for turbulent flow in clean commercial (Genereaux, 1937) steel pipes. (Genereaux, 1937) Otherwise, refer to Fig. 5.7. (Satisfactory: Flow is turbulent) L = l + (total equivalent pipe diameters d0.001m/1mm) Pf = 8f(L/d) ( u)/2 (OK) Pressure drop as head of liquid = Pf / ( g) m N/m TDV = total static head + dynamic head m m (Use: Single- or double-suction pump) m Single-suction centrifugal pumps handle up to 0.0032 m/s at m/h total heads up to 15 m; either single- or double-suction % pumps used for the flow rates to 0.063 m/s and total heads to 91 m; beyond these capacities and heads double-suction or (Chopey, 2004) multistage pumps are used. (Chopey, 2004)
Dynamic Head
Reynolds number, Re = Pipe absolute roughness = Pipe relative roughness, e = Friction factor, f = Length including misc. losses, L = Pressure drop, Pf = Dynamic head = Total Developed Head (TDH) = Operating point = Refer to Operating volumetric flow, vo = Manufacturers Pump Pump efficiency = Curve
N/m m/s Re = ( uo d) /
L = l + (total equivalent pipe diameter for miscellaneous friction loss due to tanker outlet constriction and the pipe fittings in the inlet piping d0.001m/1mm) As a general guide, NPSH should be above 3 m for pump capacities up to 100 m/h, and 6 m above this capacity.
N/m m
(Satisfactory: No Cavitation)
0.00 0.00 kPa 101.30 101.30 kPa 101.3 101.3 kPa 96.773 101.3 kPa 0.00 0.00 kPa 96.77 101.30 kPa 10.09 10.56 m
(7) Sub-total 110.89 110.89 kPa (7) + (6) Discharge press. 111.40 110.89 kPa (3) Suction press. 96.773 101.3 kPa 14.63 9.59 kPa (8) Diff. press. (8)/g 1.53 1.00 m Control valve % Valve/(6) Dyn. loss 0 0 %
(2) Select the best operating speed (by trials) Single-suction centrifugal pumps handle up to
5.615 m/h 10 % 6.177 m/h 44.29 m 3.44 m 3000 Single-suction pump
0.75
The value of this factor of safety can vary from a low of 5 percent of the required flow to a high of 50 percent or more. (Chopey, 2004)
0.0032 m/s at total heads up to 15 m; either single- or double-suction pumps used for the flow rates to 0.063 m/s and total heads to 91 m; beyond these capacities and heads doublesuction or multistage pumps are used. (Chopey, 2004) Obtain the value from Figure 6.10 with respective system total head and suction head. Refer to the comment at cell G55 beside TDH.
Based on Suction Specific-Speed Ratings. Refer to Appendix. Suction specific speed rating Pump type listed by specific speed Based on Pump Types Listed by Specific Speed. Refer to Appendix
Insert trial N
10000 1246 8469 11000 1371 9316 13000 1620 11010 Max 24075 3000 20389 *Remarks: 1 gpm = 0.2271 m/h and 1 ft = 0.3048 m.
Select the N with the best speed rating. Refer to the table above. Conversion:
1gpm 1 ft 1 in
Obtain vanes specification from Figure 3.2 with respect to percent head rise and Ns.
Obtain Ku from Figure 3.3 with respect to vanes number and Ns.
Head constant, Ku
1.03 2.08 in 53 mm
whereby H in ft.
Cm2 = Km2 (2gH)0.5 with g = 32.174 ft/s2 (Lobanoff, 1992) b2 = GPM 0.321 (Lobanoff, 1992) (Lobanoff, 1992) Cm2 (D2 - ZSu) Estimated Su = in. (This will be confirmed during vane development and the calculation repeated if necessary.) Obtain Km2 from Figure 3.4 with respect to vanes number and Ns.
Capacity constant, Km2
Eye area
(13) Calculate suction eye velocity, Cm1 & peripheral velocity, Ut (14) Determine NPSHR (from graph)
Cm1 = GPM 0.321 (Lobanoff, 1992) (Lobanoff, 1992) Eye area (in) Ut = D1 (in) RPM 229 (Lobanoff, 1992)
Obtain NPSHR from Figure 3.6 with respect to Cm1 and Ut values.
Obtain K3 from Figure 3.8 with respect to Ns. A8 = 0.04 GPM K3 H0.5
D2 = 53 mm D1 = 27 mm
INTERLOCK
Interlock System
Process interlock between V-101, V-102 and V-103 Process interlock between V-112, V-113, V-114, V-115 and V116.
Condition
V-101 or V-102 or V-103 failed closed or plugged. M-101 overfilled. P-101 malfunction. V-112 or V-113 or V-114 or V-115 or V-116 failed closed or plugged. M-102 or M-103 overfilled. P-102 or P-103 malfunction. Pipelines clogged: no flow from M-102 to M-103. V-123 or V-124 or V-125 or V-201 or V-202 or V203 failed closed or plugged. M-104 or M-201 overfilled. P-104 or P-201 malfunction. Pipelines clogged: no flow from M-104 to M-201. Buffer tank valve or V-210 or V-211 failed closed or plugged. M-202 overfilled. P-202 malfunction. Pipelines clogged.
Process interlock between V-123, V-124, V-125, V-201, V-202 and V-203. Process interlock between valve for buffer tank, V-210 and V211.
INTERLOCK (CONT)
Process interlock between V-220, V-221, V-222 and V-223. V-220 or V-221 or V-222 or V-223 failed closed or plugged. M-203 overfilled. P-203 malfunction. Pipelines clogged. V-224 or V-301 or V-302 or V-303 or V-304 failed closed or plugged. M-301 or M-302 overfilled. P-301 or P-302 malfunction. Pipelines clogged. V-305 or V-306 or V-307 failed closed or plugged. P-303 malfunction. Pipelines clogged: no flow from M-303 to HE-301.