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Factors
Michigan’s checklist for upper extremity of cumulative trauma disorders
1. Physical stress
1.1 can the job be done without hand/wrist contact with sharp edge?
1.2 is the tool operating without vibration?
1.3 Are the worker’s hands exposed to temperature > 210 C
1.4 Can the job be done without using gloves?
2. Force
2.1 Dose the job require exerting force?
2.2 Can the job be done without using finger pinch grip?
3. Posture
3.1 Can the job be done without flexion or extension of wrist?
3.3 Can the job be done without deviating the wrist from side to side?
3.4 Can the tool be used without deviating the wrist from side to side?
3.5 Can the worker be seated while performing the job?
3.6 Can the job be done without “cloths wringing” motion?
Ascertaining of Ergonomic Risk
Factors
Michigan’s checklist for upper extremity of cumulative trauma disorders
4. Workstation Hardware
4.1 Can the orientation of the work surface be adjusted?
4.2 Can the height of the surface be adjusted?
4.3 Can the location of the tool be adjusted?
5. Repetitiveness
5.1 Is the cycle time (repetition) longer than 30 second?
6. Tool Design
6.1 Are the thumb and finger slightly overlapped in a closed grip?
6.3 Is the handle of the tool made from material other than metal?
[ ‘No’ Responses are indicative of conditions associated with the risk of CTDs]
Lifshitz, Y. and Armstrong, T., 1986, A design checklist for control and prediction of cumulative trauma
disorders hand intensive manual job, Proceedings of 30th Annual Meeting of Human Factor Society, 837-841
MF
A
Ref: Rodgers
JOB ANALYST
TASK DATE
Neck Head turned partly to Head turned to side; Same as moderate but
side, back or slightly head fully back; head with force or weight;
forward forward about 200 head stretched forward
Shoulder Arms slightly away from Arms away from body, Exerting forces or R R R R
sides; arms extended no support; working holding weight with
with some support overhead arms away from body L L L L
or overhead
Back Leaning to side or Bending forward; no Lifting or exerting force
bending arching back load; lifting moderately while twisting; high
heavy loads near body; force or load while
working overhead bending
Arm / Elbow Arms away from body, Rotating arms while High force exerted with R R R R
no load; light forces exerting moderate force rotation; lifting with
lifting near body arms extended L L L L
Wrist / Light forces or weights Grip with wide or narrow Pinch grips; strong R R R R
Hand / handled close to body; span; moderate wrist wrist angles; slippery
Finger straight wrist; angles, especially surface
comfortable power grip flexion; use of gloves L L L L
with moderate forces
Legs / Standing, walking Bending forward, leaning Exerting high force R R R R
Knees without bending or on table; weight on one while pulling or lifting;
leaning; weight on both side; pivoting while crouching while
L L L L
feet exerting force exerting force;
Ankles / Standing, walking Bending forward, leaning Exerting high force R R R R
Feet / Toes without bending or on table; weight on one while pulling or lifting;
leaning; weight on both side; pivoting while crouching while
feet exerting force exerting force; standing L L L L
on tiptoes
Neck Head turned partly to Head turned to side; Same as moderate but
side, back or slightly head fully back; head with force or weight; 2 2 2 M
forward forward about 200 head stretched forward
Shoulder Arms slightly away from Arms away from body, Exerting forces or R
3 R
1 R
3 R
H
sides; arms extended no support; working holding weight with
with some support overhead arms away from body
L
2 L
1 L
3 HL
or overhead
Back Leaning to side or Bending forward; no Lifting or exerting force
bending arching back load; lifting moderately while twisting; high 3 2 2 H
heavy loads near body; force or load while
working overhead bending
Arm / Elbow Arms away from body, Rotating arms while High force exerted with R
3 R
1 R
3 R
H
no load; light forces exerting moderate force rotation; lifting with
lifting near body arms extended L
2 L
2 L
3 L
H
Wrist / Light forces or weights Grip with wide or narrow Pinch grips; strong R
3 R
1 R
3 R
H
Hand / handled close to body; span; moderate wrist wrist angles; slippery
Finger straight wrist; angles, especially surface
comfortable power grip flexion; use of gloves
L
2 L
2 L
3 L
H
with moderate forces
Legs / Standing, walking Bending forward, leaning Exerting high force R
3 R
1 R
3 R
H
Knees without bending or on table; weight on one while pulling or lifting;
leaning; weight on both side; pivoting while crouching while L
2 L
1 L
3 L
M
feet exerting force exerting force;
Ankles / Standing, walking Bending forward, leaning Exerting high force R
3 R
1 R
3 R
H
Feet / Toes without bending or on table; weight on one while pulling or lifting;
leaning; weight on both side; pivoting while crouching while
feet exerting force exerting force; standing L L
1 L
3 L
M
on tiptoes 2
Note: Table … shows the category scores for the four levels of change priority (low, high,
very high)
“priority for change” score from three number
rating
Effort Level= 1 Effort Level= 2 Effort Level= 3
1 2 L 1 2 L 1 2 M
1 3 L 1 3 M 1 3 H
2 1 L 2 1 2 1 H
2 2 L 2 2 M 2 2 H
2 3 M 2 3 H 2 3 VH
3 1 L 3 1 M 3 1 VH
3 2 M 3 2 M 3 2 VH
3 3 -- 3 3 -- 3 3 --
Note: with the score for effort level (top row) and for duration and frequency (columns within the
section for the effort level). A score of 4 either effort level, duration or frequency is automatically VH
(very high). The “priority for change” from the table is low (L), moderate (M), high (H) or very high
(VH).
* This combination of duration and frequency is not possible
Category Score in the order of
increasing fatigue for three – number
rating (Effort, Continuous effort duration
Low (L)
and Frequency Very High
Moderate (M) High (H)
111 123 223 (VH)
323
112 132 313 331
113 213 321 332
211 222 322
121 231 4xx
212 232 X4x
311 312 xx4
122
131
221
Tack evaluation of Muscle fatigue
Analysis
Number of
Efforts per Minute Exertions
= Total observation time
(min)
1.Hand / Wrist Posture
Hand / Wrist Posture is an estimate of the position of
the hand or wrist relative to neutral position.
Guidelines for assigning rating criterion are presented
in the following table
Rating Wrist Wrist Ulner Perceived
Criterion Extension FlexionA Deviatio Posture
Very
A
00 - 100 00 - 50 n A
00 - 100 Perfectly
Good Neutral
Good 110 – 250 60 – 150 110 – 150 Near Neutral