ADVANCES AND INNOVATION IN AVIATION

NAME MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN M.ZAMREE MUHAMMAD AKMAL HAKIM BIN BAHARUDIN MUHAMMAD ALIFF BIN MD.ALI MUHAMMAD AMINUDDIN BIN MOHD TAJUDDIN MUHAMMAD AMER BIN ZAKARIYA

MATIX NUMBER DD100088 DD100100 DD100149 DD100035 DD100105

LECTURER NAME : DR SH. SALLEH BIN SH.AHMAD

INTRODUCTION
Airplanes come in many different shapes and sizes depending on the mission of the aircraft, but all modern airplanes have certain components in common. These are the fuselage, wing, tail assembly and control surfaces, landing gear, and powerplant(s). For any airplane to fly, it must be able to lift the weight of the airplane, its fuel, the passengers, and the cargo. The wings generate most of the lift to hold the plane in the air. To generate lift, the airplane must be pushed through the air. The engines, which are usually located beneath the wings, provide the thrust to push the airplane forward through the air.

The wing provides the principal lifting force of an airplane. The control surfaces include all those moving surfaces of an airplane used for attitude, lift, and drag control. The tail usually has a fixed horizontal piece (called the horizontal stabilizer) and a fixed vertical piece (called the vertical stabilizer). Forward motion, or thrust, is generated by a thrustproducing device or powerplant to sustain flight. The powerplant consists of the engine (and propeller, if present) and the related accessories.

AVIATION REVOLUTION S-CURVE

Maturity stage

Growing stage

Introduction stage

EARLY FLIGHT( 18TH CENTURY)

Hot air balloons ,gliders and kites in China.

The Kongming lantern (proto hot air balloon) was known in China from ancient times. Its invention is usually attributed to the general Zhuge Liang (180234 AD, honorific title Kongming), who is said to have used them to scare the enemy troops

LEONARDO DA VINCI GLIDER DESIGN.

Some six centuries after Ibn Firnas, Leonardo da Vinci came up with a hang glider design in which the inner parts of the wings are fixed, and some control surfaces are provided towards the tips (as in the gliding flight in birds).

GROWING STAGE

DURING 1800-1824

the first balloon was flew 1804 - Sir George Cayley introduce modern glider to provide the stability 1809 - Degen provide hydrogen balloon with flapping wing
1803

HOT AIR BALLOON

GLIDER

Degen HYDROGEN BALLOON

DURING 1825- 1849

John Wise was introduced ripping panel 1842 - John Stringfellow & William Hensen fixed wings plane. 1849 George Cayley builded a glider with passenger place.
1838

George Cayley version of glider

DURING 1850-1874

Henry Giffard was introduced first controlled flight 1853 Louis Charles Letur builded parachute glider that heavier than air & controlled by pilot 1870 Gustave Irouve had designed internal combustion engine for airplane.
1852

Henry giffard first control flight

Louis Charles Letur parachute glider

DURING 1875-1899
1889

- first rotary radial airplane engine was introduced by Lawrence Hargrave - steam power mannered craft by Clement Ader 1896- Aerodrome flying machine introduced by Samuel Langley.

Model of Langley Aerodrome

DURING 1900-1924
1901-Successful aerodrome done by Samuel Langley 1910-Eugene Ely first fright could be take off from ship 1914-1918-Improvement in higher altitude,structure and control or speed. 1917-1918-Metal plane and Airmail postal sevice was introduced by German Professor Hugo Junkers and US Postal Services. 1919-First airplane was created by US Navy Department.

DURING 1925-1949
1927-First solo flight was created by Charles Lindbergh. 1928-Electromechanical simulator flight was introduced by Edwink Link. 1935-Radar was built by Sir Watson-Watt an British Scientist. 1939-First Helicopter with single rotor was developed by Igor Sikorsky or Russia. 1949-First commercial powered jetaircraft was developed by De Havilland Comet.

DURING 1950-1974
1950-Boeing developed B 25 bomber which has 8 turbo engine. 1969-Boeing 747 commercial airliner with wide body was developed using a power turbo fan.

DURING 1975-1999
1976-Commercial airline was introduced by Concorde SST between Britain and France. 1986-An aircraft carbon composition and centerline engine was designed by Burt Rutan. 1995-Flying wing bomber (B2) was developed by Northrop Garumman. 1995-Boeing designed biggest twin engine Jet 777. 1998-Second generation of supersonic flight was developed by NASA.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, aviation industries had give a lot of development to the countries. From the creation of hot air balloon to the aircraft that equip with the engines to allow it freely fly in the air. Previous inventor like Wright Brothers gave a lot of ideas on creating the aircraft that more practical in term of aerodynamic and propulsion power. There were 3 stages in the development of the aviation industries including introduction stage, growing stage, and maturity stage. The super sonic strength had been approved with the created of Concorde. So in the future, it not possible we will accept a high technology creation of aircraft that we cant imagine.