Series Resonant Circuit

2
3
C
j L j R Z
in
e
e
1
+ =
Impedance Input
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
= = =
C
j L j R I
Z
V
Z I Z VI P
in
in
in
in
e
e
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
*
2
1
2
2
2
resonator the to Delivered Power Complex
4
C
I C V
L I
R I P
c
loss
2
2 2
2
2
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
2
1
e
= =
=
=
e
m
W
capacitor the in stored energy electric Average
W
inductor the in stored energy magnetic Average
resistor the by dissipated Power
5
( )
( )
2
2
2
1
2 2
2
I
W W j P
I
P
Z
W W j P P
e m loss in
in
e m loss in
+
= =
+ =
e
e
At resonance W
m
= W
e
(real) ,
2
1
2
R
I
P
Z
loss
in
= =
W
m
= W
e
implies the resonant frequency

LC
1
0
= e
6
Quality Factor
loss
e m
P
W W
Q
+
=
=
e
e
second / loss energy
stored energy average
RC R
L
P
W
Q
loss
m
0
0
0
1 2
e
e
e = = =

circuit resonant series for

loss low Q High
7
Q
BW
1
=
resonance at delivered that
2
1
is circuit the to delivered power average real
2 if
bandwidth power half Fractional
2
2
R Z
in
=
Parallel Resonant Circuit
8
9
1
1 1
Impedance Input

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ = C j
L j R
Z
in
e
e
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
= = =
C j
L
j
R
V
V
Z
I Z VI P
in
in
in
e
e
1
2
1
*
1
2
1
2
1
*
2
1
resonator the to Delivered Power Complex
2
2 2
10
C V
L
V L I
R
V
P
L
loss
2
e
2
2 2
m
2
4
1
W
capacitor in the stored energy electric Average
1
4
1
4
1
W
inductor in the stored energy magnetic Average
2
1
resistor by the dissipated Power
=
= =
=
e
11
( )
( )
2
2
2
1
2 2
2
I
W W j P
I
P
Z
W W j P P
e m loss in
in
e m loss in
+
= =
+ =
e
e
At resonance W
m
= W
e
(real) ,
2
1
2
R
I
P
Z
loss
in
= =
W
m
= W
e
implies the resonant frequency

LC
1
0
= e
12
Quality Factor
RC
L
R
P
W
Q
loss
m
0
0
2
second / loss energy
stored energy average
e
e
e
e
= = =
=
resonance at delivered that
2
1
is circuit the to delivered power average real
2
if
bandwidth power half Fractional
2
2 R
Z
in
=
Q
BW
1
=
Loaded & Unloaded Q
In the absence of any loading effects- no external
circuitry- unloaded Q
Usually- external circuit is coupled to the resonant
circuit Q reduced loaded Q (Q
L
)
13
L L L
L L
R / R R with RLC parallel
R R with RLC series
+
+
R R
R
14
circuits parallel for Q, External
circuits series for Q, External
0
0
L
R
Qe
R
L
Qe
L
L
e
e
=
=
Q Q Q
e L
1 1

1
, Q loaded + =
15
Transmission Line Resonators
TL sections various lengths & terminations -
resonators
16
Short-Circuited /2 Line
Lossy TL short circuited at one end
Z0,,|,l= /2
( ) ( ) l j Z l Z Z
in
| o + = = tanh tanh
0 0
17
(

+
+
=
l l j
l j l
Z Z
n i
o |
| o
tanh tan 1
tan tanh
0
p p p
v v v
l l l
l l l
l TEM Assuming
small) very ( , Let
tanh , 1 lossy TL
0
0
e e e
|
e e e e
o o o
A
+ = =
A A + =
= <<
18
+
= = = ) ( ,
2
0
0
e e
e
t

p
v
l

A
+ =
0
e
et
t |l
0 0 0
tan tan tan
e
et
e
et
e
et
t |
A
~
A
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
A
+ = l
ckt) Resonant RLC series of impedance input ( 2 ; 1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
A + = <<
A
|
|
.
|

\
|
A
+ =
(
(
(

|
.
|

\
| A
+
|
.
|

\
|A
+
~
e
e
o e
e
t e
o
o
e
t e
e
t e
o
jL R Z
l
j l Z
l j
j l
Z Z
n
i
n
i
L
C
Z
L l Z R
2
0
0
0
0
1
,
2
,
e
e
t
o = = =
19
The short circuited /2 line resonates for Ae = 0 & its
input impedance at this frequency is Z
in
= R= Z
0
ol
Resonance also occurs for l = n/2, n= 1,2,3..
o
|
o
t e
2 2
0
= = =
l R
L
Q
l = t first resonance
Q decreases as attenuation
of the line increases.
20
Lossy TL short circuited at one end
Z0,,|,l= /4
( ) ( ) l j Z l Z Z
in
| o + = = tanh tanh
0 0
Short-Circuited /4 Line
(

=

(

+
+
=
l j l
l l j
Z Z
l j dr nr by
l l j
l j l
Z Z
n
i
n
i
| o
| o
|
o |
| o
cot tanh
cot tanh 1
cot . & .
tanh tan 1
tan tanh
0
0
21
e e e
e e

A + =
= =
0
0
) ( ,
4
Let
l
0
2 2 e
et t
|
A
+ = l
0 0 0
2 2
tan
2 2
cot cot
e
et
e
et
e
et t
|
A
~
A
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
A
+ = l
ckt) Resonant RLC parallel of impedance input (
2
1
1
; 1
2 2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

A +
= <<
A
A
+
=
(
(
(
(

A
+
A
+
~
e
e
t o e
e
e
t o
e
e
t o
e
e
t o
jC
R
Z
l
j l
Z
j l
l j
Z Z
n
i
n
i
22
C
L
Z
C
l
Z
R
2
0
0 0
0
1
4
e
e
t
o
=
=
=
o
|
o
t
e
2 4
0
= = =
l
RC Q
23
Practical resonator
Z0,,|,l= /2
( ) ( ) l j Z l Z Z
in
| o + = = coth coth
0 0
Open-Circuited /2 Line
(

+
+
=
l j l
l l j
Z Z
n
i
| o
o |
tan tanh
tanh tan 1
0
24
e e e
e e

A + =
= =
0
0
) ( ,
2
Let
l
0
e
et
t |
A
+ = l
0
tan tan
e
et
e
et
|
A
~
A
= l
ckt Resonant RLC parallel of impedance input
0
0
e
e t
o
A
+
=
j l
Z
Z
n
i
25
C
L
Z
C
l
Z
R
2
0
0 0
0
1
2
e
e
t
o
=
=
=
o
|
o
t
e
2 2
0
= = =
l
RC Q