SEMINAR

ON
SOLAR POWERED VEHICLE
In the partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
(MACHINE DESIGN)
SUBMITTED BY
Mr. ANIL MALPOTRA
REG. NO. 100067682787
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BABA BANDA SINGH BAHADUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
FATEHGARH SAHIB

1 lnLroducLlon
11 AuLomoLlve emlsslon and norms
12 WhaL ls Sv?
13 Pow Sv works?
2 LlLeraLure Survey
21 8esearch area ln Sv
22 Ma[or 8esearch groups / cenLers
23 Work done Llll daLe
24 luLure 8esearch focus
3 Concluslon
4 8eferences
Automotive mission.
AuLomoLlve emlsslon ls generally exhausL gases released by
englne durlng exhausL sLroke Lnglne exhausL generally
conLalnlng carbon dloxlde carbon monoxlde lead
compounds nlLrogen oxldes unburnL hydrocarbons and
waLer vapour among oLher polluLanLs whlch polluLes our
envlronmenL and havlng dangerous effecLs on our healLh
Pollution Hazards And Human Healtb
PoIIutants
Effects on Human
HeaIth
Effects on the
NaturaI Environment
Carbon monoxide
Can affect the cardio-
vascula system,
exacer -bating
cardiovascular disease
symptoms, particularly
angina; may also
particularly affect
foetuses, sickle cell
anaemics and young
children. Can affect the
central nervous
system, impairing
physical coordination,
vision and judgement,
creating nausea and
headaches, reducing
worker productivity and
increasing personal
discomfort.
PoIIutants
Effects on Human
HeaIth
Effects on the
NaturaI Environment
Nitrogen oxides
(NOX)
itrogen dioxide (
can affect the
respiratory system.
itrogen monoxide
( and nitrogen
dioxide (, where
they play a part in
photochemical some
formation, may
contribute indirectly to
increased susceptibility
to infections,
pulmonary disease,
impairment of lung
function and eye, nose
and thread irritations.
and can
contribute significantly
to acid deposition
damaging aquatic eco-
systems and other
eco-systems such as
forests x can also
have a fertilizing effect
on forests.
PoIIutants
Effects on Human
HeaIth
Effects on the
NaturaI Environment
SuIphur oxides (SO2)
$uphur dioxide ($
can affect lung
function.
$ulphur oxides can
contribute significantly
to acid deposition
impairing aquatic and
forest ecosystems.
$ulphates can affect
the perception of the
environment by
reducing visibility even
at low concentrations.
PoIIutants
Effects on Human
HeaIth
Effects on the
NaturaI Environment
ParticuIate matter
(SPM and RPM)
ine particulate matter
may be toxic in itself or
may carry toxic
(including
carcinogenic trace
substance, and can
alter the immune
system. ine
particulate can
penetrate deep into the
respiratory system
irritating lung tissue
and causing long-term
disorders.
ine particulate can
significantly reduce
visibility. High dust and
soot levels are
associated with a
general perception of
dirtiness of the
environment.
PoIIutants
Effects on Human
HeaIth
Effects on the
NaturaI Environment
Lead
Can cause brain
damage,
encephalopathy in
children resulting in
lower Q, death,
hyperactivity and
reduced ability to
concentrate.
Lead
mission Regulations
@he flrsL lndlan emlsslon regulaLlons were ldle emlsslon llmlLs
whlch became effecLlve ln 1989 @hese ldle emlsslon
regulaLlons were soon replaced by mass emlsslon llmlLs for
boLh gasollne (1991) and dlesel (1992) vehlcles whlch were
gradually LlghLened durlng Lhe 1990's Slnce Lhe year 2000
lndla sLarLed adopLlng Luropean emlsslon and fuel regulaLlons
for fourwheeled llghLduLy and for heavyduLy vehlcles lndlan
own emlsslon regulaLlons sLlll apply Lo Lwo and Lhree
wheeled vehlcles
able
nuian mission tanuaius (-Wheel vehicles)
Standard keference Date keg|on
lndla 2000 Luro 1 2000 naLlonwlde
8haraL SLage ll Luro 2
2001
nC8* Mumbal
kolkaLa Chennal
200304 nC8* 11 ClLles1
200304 naLlonwlde
8haraL SLage lll Luro 3
200304 nC8* 11 ClLles1
201004 naLlonwlde
8haraL SLage lv Luro 4 201004 nC8* 11 ClLles1
* naLlonal CaplLal 8eglon (uelhl)
1 Mumbal kolkaLa Chennal 8angalore Pyderabad Secunderabad
Ahmedabad une SuraL kanpur and Agra
igbt Duty Vebicles
Lmlsslon sLandards for llghLduLy vehlcles (CvW 3300 kg)
are summarlzed ln @able 2 8anges of emlsslon llmlLs refer Lo
dlfferenL caLegorles and classes of vehlcles compare Lhe Lu
llghLduLy vehlcle emlsslon sLandards page for deLalls on Lhe
Luro 1 and laLer sLandards @he lowesL llmlL ln each range
applles Lo passenger cars (CvW 2300 kg up Lo 6 seaLs)
When Lhree llmlLs are llsLed Lhey refer Lo vehlcles caLegory M
n1 Class l n1 Class ll and n1 Class lll respecLlvely
able
mission tanuaius foi Light-Buty vehicles, gkm
ear keference CC nC nC+NCx NCx M
D|ese|
1992 173326 2737
1996 3090 2040
2000 Luro 1 272690 097170 014023
20031 Luro 2 1013 0712 008017
20101 Luro 3
064
080
093

036
072
086
030
063
078
003
007
010
2010 Luro 4
030
063
074

030
039
046
023
033
039
0023
004
006
* for caLalyLlc converLer flLLed vehlcles
1 earller lnLroducLlon ln selecLed reglons see @able 1
only ln selecLed reglons see @able 1
ear keference CC nC nC+NCx NCx M
Gaso||ne
1991 143271 2029
1996 868124 300436
1998* 434620 130218
2000 Luro 1 272690 097170
20031 Luro 2 2230 0307
20101 Luro 3
23
417
322
020
023
029

013
018
021

2010 Luro 4
10
181
227
01
013
016

008
010
011

* for caLalyLlc converLer flLLed vehlcles

1 earller lnLroducLlon ln selecLed reglons see @able 1
only ln selecLed reglons see @able 1
berbiew of tbe emission norms in India
by CDR
1991 ldle CC LlmlLs for Casollne vehlcles and lree AcceleraLlon Smoke
for ulesel vehlcles Mass Lmlsslon norms for Casollne vehlcles
1992 Mass Lmlsslon norms for ulesel vehlcles
1996 8evlslon of Mass Lmlsslon norms for Casollne and ulesel
vehlcles mandaLory flLmenL of CaLalyLlc ConverLer for Cars ln MeLros on
unleaded Casollne
1998 Cold SLarL norms lnLroduced
2000 lndla 2000 (Lq Lo Luro l) norms Modlfled luC (lndlan urlvlng
Cycle) 8haraL SLage ll norms for uelhl
2001 8haraL SLage ll (Lq Lo Luro ll) norms for All MeLros Lmlsslon
norms for CnC LC vehlcles
2003 8haraL SLage ll (Lq Lo Luro ll) norms for 11 ma[or clLles
2003 lrom 1 Aprll 8haraL SLage lll (Lq Lo Luro lll) norms for 11 ma[or
clLles
2010 8haraL SLage lll Lmlsslon norms for 4wheelers for enLlre counLry
whereas 8haraL SLage lv (Lq Lo Luro lv) for 13 ma[or clLles 8haraL
SLage lv also has norms on C8u (slmllar Lo Luro lll buL dlluLed)
olai Poweieu vehicle
A solar vehlcle ls an elecLrlc vehlcle powered by solar
elecLrlclLy @hls ls obLalned from solar panels on Lhe surface
(Lop or wlndow) of Lhe vehlcle
omponents
So|ar Array
ower 1rackers
8atter|es
Motor Contro||er
ow t Woiks .
Sun
Solar Array
ower
@racker
8aLLerles
MoLor
ConLroller
MoLor
Wheel
olai Aiiay
CollecL Lhe energy from Lhe sun and converLs lL lnLo usable
elecLrlcal energy
Powei iackeis
ower Lrackers converL Lhe solar array volLage Lo Lhe sysLem
volLage
atteiies
@he baLLerles sLore energy from Lhe power Lracker and makes
Lhem avallable for Lhe moLors use
R WRK
As we all know LhaL Loday Lhere ls a greaL and large crlsls of non
renewable sources of energy and so we need Lo compensaLe our
requlremenLs wlLh renewable sources of energy for LhaL we need
renewable and nonconvenLlonal sources based appllances and so ls
Lhe solar car whose fuLure ls very wldely dlsLrlbuLed and wlsely and
wholly lllumlnaLed lL ls deflnlLely a fuLure car and wlll be accepLed
by each and every famlly ln Lhls world buL lL presenLly needs some
more lnnovaLlons and research Lo be done
Cur solar car model proves Lo be beLLer as
1 Wldely and commerclally accepLable
2 lL ls very safe
3 lL may ellmlnaLe many problems Such as power losses
4 @he dual purpose appllcaLlon may be used for oLher
appllcaLlons ln lndusLry as lL ls savlng one compleLe moLor
3 lL can also serve as an elecLrlc car
ajoi Reseaich gioups.
Austra||a
Germany
1eam name (Aff|||at|on) ear started Number of cars Current car
Aurora vehlcle AssoclaLlon 1987 3+ 101
Sungroper
(Sungroper Solar Car AssoclaLlon)
2001 2+ 5ooqtopet J
unSW Solar 8aclng @eam
(unlverslLy of new SouLh Wales)
1993 4 5ooswlft lv
1eam name (Aff|||at|on) ear started Number of cars Current car
PS 8ochum Solar Car @eam
(Pochschule 8ochum)
1999 3
5olotwotlJ
No1
8Octolset
lPSW Solar 8aclng ev
(Pochschule WurzburgSchwelnfurL)
2007 1 (planned) 55c1
Canada
India
1eam name (Aff|||at|on) ear started Number of cars Current car
8lue Sky Solar 8aclng
(unlverslLy of @oronLo)
1998 3 cetoleoo
McClll unlverslLy Solarcar @eam @eam
lSun (McClll unlverslLy)
1992 3 l5oo
McMasLer Solar Car ro[ecL
(McMasLer unlverslLy)
1997 4 lboeolx ll
MldnlghL Sun
(unlverslLy of WaLerloo)
1990 10
MlJolqbt
5oo \
Cueens unlverslLy Solar vehlcle @eam
(Cueens unlverslLy)
1988 11 Aotom
1eam name
(Aff|||at|on)
ear started Number of cars Current car
u@u Solar Car
(u@u uCL)
2006 @hree 03
Aveolt
Jlsombl
qootloo oeeJeJ
nSl@ Solar Car
(nSl@)
2008 1 AJvoy
apan
1eam name (Aff|||at|on) ear started Number of cars Current car
Ashlya unlverslLy Solar Car
ro[ecL
1992 3 Asblyo 5kyAce1lCA
Ponda 1990 3 nooJo uteom
!unk ?ard 1998 1 5pltlt of IookyotJ
MlLsublshl MaLerlals 1996 1 5oo cbolleoqet
@okal unlverslLy 1991 9
1okol cbolleoqet
1okol 5pltlt
1okol lolcoo
Zero Lo uarwln ro[ecL 1991 3