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Huawei Confidential
OSPF is an open shortest path first protocol. It is an IGP protocol based on link status. At present, OSPF has two versions :version 2 and version 3.OSPF version2 (defined in RFC 2328) is
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Know OSPF routing protocol features Understand concept of OSPF Understand process of route calculation Understand OSPF packet and state machine Understand OSPF route calculation
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Chapter 1 Features of OSPF Chapter 2 Process of Route Calculation Chapter 3 Concept of OSPF Chapter 4 OSPF Packet and State Machine
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Basic features
Support large networks Calculates loop-free routes Fast route convergence--------Responds quickly to topology changes uses IP multicast for transmitting the OSPF packets Supports ECMP( equal cost multi-path ) Supports the packet authentication
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Chapter 1 Features of OSPF Chapter 2 Process of Route Calculation Chapter 3 Network Type of OSPF Chapter 4 Concept of OSPF
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LSDB RTB
LSAs generated by RTA
Flooding LSA
RTD
1.
First step , each router originates the link-state advertisement(LSA). It describes the topology of the router. Second step, Each router collects the LSAs from other routers to form the LSDB. The LSDB describes the topology of network .
2.
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A 1
10 1 C
Equals
48 D
3.
Third step,the routers transform the LSDB into a weighted directed map. The weighted directed map reflects the topology of the entire network. All routers
A 1 C
48
D
48
D
4.
Fourth step, According to the weighted directed map, each router take itself being the root ,then calculate the shortest path tree with SPF algorithm . The tree shows the
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Chapter 1 Features of OSPF Chapter 2 Process of Route Calculation Chapter 3 Concept of OSPF Chapter 4 OSPF Packet and State Machine
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OSPF Domain :
Router ID:
A 32-bit number assigned to each router running the OSPF protocol. This number uniquely identifies the router within an AS .
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Network Type
Point To Point Networks
Encapsulate the link with PPP / HDLC Protocol
Broadcast Networks
Encapsulate the link with Ethernet / FDDI / Token Ring Protocol
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FR/ATM/X.25
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Neighbors
If two routers sharing a common data link agree on some parameters specified in their hello packets, they will setup neighbor relationship.
Adjacencies
The adjacency refers to the logical connection. It can be established only
when two routers can exchange the LSAs. Whether the neighbors will become adjacencies depends on the type of network.
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DR and BDR
DR Other
DR
BDR M= n(n-1)/2 = 28
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
M= (n-2)2+1 = 13
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Vote
first, compare the router DR-priority. the one with the higher priority is
elected as the DR.
Second, If two routers have the same priority, the one with the larger
router ID is elected as the DR
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120 90
10.1.1.2
10.1.1.3
Ethernet
100
10.1.1.1
BDR
DR
Maintain a big LSDB in the router --- occupies a great amount of memory SPF calculation become more complex ----leads to the overload of routers. Topology Change oftenly---- impact the network stability and reduce the
utilization of bandwidth,
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Partition Area
Area 1
Area 0
Area 4
Area 2 Area 3
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Type of routers
BR
Area 0
Area 1
Area 2 ABR
IR
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Chapter 1 Features of OSPF Chapter 2 Process of Route Calculation Chapter 3 Concept of OSPF Chapter 4 OSPF Packet and State Machine
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Protocol Number: 89
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OSPF Packets
Type Packet name Protocol function
1
2
Hello
Database Description
Discover/maintain neighbors
Summary of the database contents
3
4 5
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Attempt
Init
Loading
2-way
ExStart
Exchange
Full
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RT2 Hello( DR = 0.0.0.0,Neighbors Seen = 0) Hello( DR = RT2,Neighbors Seen = RT1) Hello( DR = RT2,Neighbors Seen = RT2) DD (Seq = x,I = 1, M = 1, MS = 1) DD (Seq = y,I = 1, M = 1, MS = 1) DD (Seq = y,I = 0, M = 1, MS = 0) DD (Seq = y+1,I = 0, M = 1, MS = 1) DD (Seq = y+1,I = 0, M = 1, MS = 0) DD (Seq = y+n,I = 0, M = 0, MS = 1) DD (Seq = y+n,I = 0, M = 0, MS = 0) LS Request LS Update LS ACK
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Down
Two Way
ExStart Exchange
Loading
Full
Full
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Chapter 1 Features of OSPF Chapter 2 Process of Route Calculation Chapter 3 Concept of OSPF Chapter 4 OSPF Packet and State Machine
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LSA types
LSA Type 1 Router-LSA generated by each routers. This LSA describes status and cost of the routers links . Flooded throughout the local area only 2 Network-LSA generated by DR in broadcast and NBMA networks. This LSA contains the list of routers connected to the network. Flooded throughout the local area only LSA Name LSA description
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LSA types
LSA Type 3
LSA Name
LSA description
Network-SummaryLSA
generated by ABR, describes the route of the area, flooded to other related area
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LSA types
LS Type
4
LSA Name
LSA description
ASBR-Summary-LSA Generated by ABR. This LSA describes the route to an ASBR. Advertised to the related area except the area to which ASBR belongs.
AS-external-LSA
generated by ASBR. This LSA describes the route to a destination outside the OSPF domain . Advertised to all areas except the stub and NSSA area.
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area 0 20.1.0.0/20
ABR
ABR can perform the address summarization from one area to another area, and this can reduce the network summary LSA flooding and improve the network performances
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OSPF 20.1.0.0/20
ASBR
ASBR can perform the address summarization from Non-OSPF routing domain to OSPF routing and this can reduce the AS external LSA flooding and improve the network performances
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Stub Area
area 0 Type 3 LSA
Type 5 LSA
ABR router will stop the type 5 LSA to enter the stub area, all the traffic forward outside the OSPF routing domain will be using the default route generated by the ABR .
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Type 3 LSA
ABR will stop the type 3/4/5 LSA to enter total stub area except the one type 3 LSA: the default route for the traffic outside the total stub area
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area 0
NSSA area
ASBR
NSSA area can import the Non-OSPF route into the OSPF routing domain using the type 7 LSA, type 7 LSA will only be flooded in the NSSA area and translated into type 5 LSA by the ABR.
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Summary
Basic features The process of calculating routes Network type Partition Area DR/BDR; Neighbor/adjacency Packet type; LSA type Special areas
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Thank you
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